CSY/reowolf Changeset - 1bc57ab68e0e · Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)

Changeset - 1bc57ab68e0e

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1 32 12

Max Henger - 3 years ago 2022-04-13 14:57:03
henger@cwi.nl

Merge branch 'feat-builtin-ip' into 'master'

feat: Builtin internet component

See merge request nl-cwi-csy/reowolf!6

8 files changed:

Cargo.toml

bin-compiler/src/main.rs

src/collections/scoped_buffer.rs

src/protocol/ast.rs

src/protocol/ast_writer.rs

src/protocol/eval/executor.rs

src/protocol/eval/value.rs

src/protocol/input_source.rs

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Cargo.toml

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 [package]
 name = "reowolf_rs"
 version = "1.2.0"
 authors = [
 	"Max Henger <henger@cwi.nl>",
 	"Christopher Esterhuyse <esterhuy@cwi.nl>",
 	"Hans-Dieter Hiep <hdh@cwi.nl>"
+]
 edition = "2021"
 [dependencies]
 # convenience macros
 maplit = "1.0.2"
 derive_more = "0.99.2"
 # runtime
 bincode = "1.3.1"
 serde = { version = "1.0.114", features = ["derive"] }
 getrandom = "0.1.14" # tiny crate. used to guess controller-id
 # network
 mio = { version = "0.7.0", package = "mio", features = ["udp", "tcp", "os-poll"] }
 socket2 = { version = "0.3.12", optional = true }
 [features]
 default=["internet"]
 internet=["libc"]
 # protocol
 backtrace = "0.3"
 lazy_static = "1.4.0"
 # ffi
 [dependencies]
 # socket ffi
 libc = { version = "^0.2", optional = true }
 os_socketaddr = { version = "0.1.0", optional = true }
 libc = { version = "^0.2", optional = true } # raw sockets
 mio = { version = "0.8", features = ["os-poll"] } # cross-platform IO notification queue
 # randomness
 rand = "0.8.4"
 rand_pcg = "0.3.1"
 [lib]
 crate-type = [
 	"rlib", # for use as a Rust dependency.
+]
@@ \ No newline at end of file @@

bin-compiler/src/main.rs

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 use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::Read;
 use clap::{App, Arg};
 use reowolf_rs as rw;
 fn main() {
     let app = App::new("rwc")
         .author("Henger, M.")
         .version(env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))
         .about("Reowolf compiler")
         .arg(
             Arg::new("input")
                 .long("input")
                 .short('i')
                 .help("input files")
                 .required(true)
                 .takes_value(true)
                 .multiple_occurrences(true)
+        )
         .arg(
             Arg::new("threads")
                 .long("threads")
                 .short('t')
                 .help("number of runtime threads")
                 .default_value("1")
                 .takes_value(true)
+        )
         .arg(
             Arg::new("debug")
                 .long("debug")
                 .short('d')
                 .help("enable debug logging")
+        )
         .arg(
             Arg::new("stdlib")
                 .long("stdlib")
                 .short('s')
                 .help("standard library directory (overrides default)")
                 .takes_value(true)
         );
     // Retrieve arguments and convert
     let app = app.get_matches();
     let input_files = app.values_of("input");
     if input_files.is_none() {
         println!("ERROR: Expected at least one input file");
         return;
+    }
     let num_threads = app.value_of("threads").unwrap();
     let num_threads = match num_threads.parse::<i32>() {
         Ok(num_threads) => {
             if num_threads < 0 || num_threads > 255 {
                 println!("ERROR: Number of threads must be a number between 0 and 256");
                 return;
+            }
             num_threads as u32
         },
         Err(err) => {
             println!("ERROR: Failed to parse number of threads\nbecause: {}", err);
             return;
+        }
     };
     let debug_enabled = app.is_present("debug");
     let standard_library_dir = app.value_of("stdlib")
         .map(|v| v.to_string());
     // Add input files to file buffer
     let input_files = input_files.unwrap();
     assert!(input_files.len() > 0); // because arg is required
     let mut builder = rw::ProtocolDescriptionBuilder::new();
     let mut builder = rw::ProtocolDescriptionBuilder::new(standard_library_dir)
         .expect("create protocol description builder");
     let mut file_buffer = Vec::with_capacity(4096);
     for input_file in input_files {
         print!("Adding file: {} ... ", input_file);
         let mut file = match File::open(input_file) {
             Ok(file) => file,
             Err(err) => {
                 println!("FAILED (to open file)\nbecause:\n{}", err);
                 return;
+            }
         };
         file_buffer.clear();
         if let Err(err) = file.read_to_end(&mut file_buffer) {
             println!("FAILED (to read file)\nbecause:\n{}", err);
             return;
+        }
         if let Err(err) = builder.add(input_file.to_string(), file_buffer.clone()) {
             println!("FAILED (to tokenize file)\nbecause:\n{}", err);
+        }
         println!("Success");
+    }
     // Compile the program
     print!("Compiling program ... ");
     let protocol_description = match builder.compile() {
         Ok(pd) => pd,
         Err(err) => {
             println!("FAILED\nbecause:\n{}", err);
             return;
+        }
     };
     println!("Success");
     // Start runtime
     print!("Startup of runtime ... ");
     let runtime = rw::runtime2::Runtime::new(num_threads, debug_enabled, protocol_description);
     if let Err(err) = &runtime {
         println!("FAILED\nbecause:\n{}", err);
+    }
     println!("Success");
     // Make sure there is a nameless module with a main component
     print!("Creating main component ... ");
-    let runtime = rw::runtime2::Runtime::new(num_threads, debug_enabled, protocol_description);
+    let runtime = runtime.unwrap();
     if let Err(err) = runtime.create_component(b"", b"main") {
         use rw::ComponentCreationError as CCE;
         let reason = match err {
             CCE::ModuleDoesntExist => "Input files did not contain a nameless module (that should contain the 'main' component)",
             CCE::DefinitionDoesntExist => "Input files did not contain a component called 'main'",
             CCE::DefinitionNotComponent => "Input file contained a 'main' function, but not a 'main' component",
             _ => "Unexpected error"
         };
         println!("FAILED\nbecause:\n{} (raw error: {:?})", reason, err);
         return;
+    }
     println!("Success");
     println!("Now running until all components have exited");
     println!("--------------------------------------------\n\n");
+}
@@ \ No newline at end of file @@

src/collections/scoped_buffer.rs

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 /// scoped_buffer.rs
 ///
 /// Solves the common pattern where we are performing some kind of recursive
 /// pattern while using a temporary buffer. At the start, or during the
 /// procedure, we push stuff into the buffer. At the end we take out what we
 /// have put in.
 ///
 /// It is unsafe because we're using pointers to circumvent borrowing rules in
 /// the name of code cleanliness. The correctness of use is checked in debug
 /// mode at runtime.
 use std::iter::FromIterator;
 macro_rules! hide {
     ($v:block) => {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)] $v
     };
     ($v:expr) => {
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)] $v
     };
+}
 pub(crate) struct ScopedBuffer<T: Sized> {
     pub inner: Vec<T>,
+}
 impl<T: Sized> ScopedBuffer<T> {
     pub(crate) fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> Self {
         Self {
             inner: Vec::with_capacity(capacity),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn start_section(&mut self) -> ScopedSection<T> {
         let start_size = self.inner.len() as u32;
         ScopedSection {
             inner: &mut self.inner,
             start_size,
             #[cfg(debug_assertions)] cur_size: start_size,
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl<T: Clone> ScopedBuffer<T> {
     pub(crate) fn start_section_initialized(&mut self, initialize_with: &[T]) -> ScopedSection<T> {
         let start_size = self.inner.len() as u32;
         let _data_size = initialize_with.len() as u32;
         self.inner.extend_from_slice(initialize_with);
         ScopedSection{
             inner: &mut self.inner,
             start_size,
             #[cfg(debug_assertions)] cur_size: start_size + _data_size,
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 impl<T: Sized> Drop for ScopedBuffer<T> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         // Make sure that everyone cleaned up the buffer neatly
         debug_assert!(self.inner.is_empty(), "dropped non-empty scoped buffer");
+    }
+}
 /// A section of the buffer. Keeps track of where we started the section. When
 /// done with the section one must call `into_vec` or `forget` to remove the
 /// section from the underlying buffer. This will also be done upon dropping the
 /// ScopedSection in case errors are being handled.
 pub(crate) struct ScopedSection<T: Sized> {
     inner: *mut Vec<T>,
     start_size: u32,
     #[cfg(debug_assertions)] cur_size: u32,
+}
 impl<T: Sized> ScopedSection<T> {
     /// Pushes value into section
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn push(&mut self, value: T) {
         self.check_length();
         let vec = unsafe{&mut *self.inner};
         vec.push(value);
         hide!(self.cur_size += 1);
+    }
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn len(&self) -> usize {
         self.check_length();
         let vec = unsafe{&mut *self.inner};
         return vec.len() - self.start_size as usize;
+    }
     #[inline]
     #[allow(unused_mut)] // used in debug mode
     pub(crate) fn forget(mut self) {
         self.check_length();
         let vec = unsafe{&mut *self.inner};
         hide!(self.cur_size = self.start_size);
         vec.truncate(self.start_size as usize);
+    }
     #[inline]
     #[allow(unused_mut)] // used in debug mode
     pub(crate) fn into_vec(mut self) -> Vec<T> {
         self.check_length();
         let vec = unsafe{&mut *self.inner};
         hide!(self.cur_size = self.start_size);
         let section = Vec::from_iter(vec.drain(self.start_size as usize..));
         section
+    }
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn check_length(&self) {
         hide!({
             let vec = unsafe{&*self.inner};
             debug_assert_eq!(
                 vec.len(), self.cur_size as usize,
                 "incorrect use of ScopedSection: underlying storage vector has changed size"
+            )
         })
+    }
+}
 impl<T: Sized + PartialEq> ScopedSection<T> {
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn push_unique(&mut self, value: T) {
         self.check_length();
         let vec = unsafe{&mut *self.inner};
         for item in &vec[self.start_size as usize..] {
             if *item == value {
                 // item already exists
                 return;
+            }
+        }
         vec.push(value);
         hide!(self.cur_size += 1);
+    }
     #[inline]
     pub(crate) fn contains(&self, value: &T) -> bool {
         self.check_length();
         let vec = unsafe{&*self.inner};
         for index in self.start_size as usize..vec.len() {
             if &vec[index] == value {
                 return true;
+            }
+        }
         return false;
+    }
+}
 impl<T: Copy> ScopedSection<T> {
     pub(crate) fn iter_copied(&self) -> ScopedIter<T> {
         return ScopedIter{
             inner: self.inner,
             cur_index: self.start_size,
             last_index: unsafe{ (*self.inner).len() as u32 },
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl<T> std::ops::Index<usize> for ScopedSection<T> {
     type Output = T;
     fn index(&self, index: usize) -> &Self::Output {
         let vec = unsafe{&*self.inner};
         return &vec[self.start_size as usize + index]
+    }
+}
 impl<T> std::ops::IndexMut<usize> for ScopedSection<T> {
     fn index_mut(&mut self, index: usize) -> &mut Self::Output {
         let vec = unsafe{&mut *self.inner};
         return &mut vec[self.start_size as usize + index]
+    }
+}
 #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 // note: this `Drop` impl used to be debug-only, requiring the programmer to
 // call `into_vec` or `forget`. But this is rather error prone. So we'll check
 // in debug mode, but always truncate in release mode (even though this is a
 // noop in most cases).
 impl<T: Sized> Drop for ScopedSection<T> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         let vec = unsafe{&mut *self.inner};
         hide!(debug_assert_eq!(vec.len(), self.cur_size as usize));
         vec.truncate(self.start_size as usize);
+    }
+}
 /// Small utility for iterating over a section of the buffer. Same conditions as
 /// the buffer apply: each time we retrieve an element the buffer must have the
 /// same size as the moment of creation.
 pub(crate) struct ScopedIter<T: Copy> {
     inner: *mut Vec<T>,
     cur_index: u32,
     last_index: u32,
+}
 impl<T: Copy> Iterator for ScopedIter<T> {
     type Item = T;
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         hide!(debug_assert_eq!(self.last_index as usize, unsafe { (*self.inner).len() }));
         if self.cur_index >= self.last_index {
             return None;
+        }
         let vec = unsafe{ &*self.inner };
         let index = self.cur_index as usize;
         self.cur_index += 1;
         return Some(vec[index]);
+    }
+}
@@ \ No newline at end of file @@

src/protocol/ast.rs

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 use std::fmt;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter};
 use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut};
 use super::arena::{Arena, Id};
 use crate::collections::StringRef;
 use crate::protocol::input_source::InputSpan;
 use crate::protocol::TypeId;
 /// Helper macro that defines a type alias for a AST element ID. In this case
 /// only used to alias the `Id<T>` types.
 macro_rules! define_aliased_ast_id {
     // Variant where we just defined the alias, without any indexing
     ($name:ident, $parent:ty) => {
         pub type $name = $parent;
     };
     // Variant where we define the type, and the Index and IndexMut traits
+    (
         $name:ident, $parent:ty,
         index($indexed_type:ty, $indexed_arena:ident)
     ) => {
         define_aliased_ast_id!($name, $parent);
         impl Index<$name> for Heap {
             type Output = $indexed_type;
             fn index(&self, index: $name) -> &Self::Output {
                 &self.$indexed_arena[index]
+            }
+        }
         impl IndexMut<$name> for Heap {
             fn index_mut(&mut self, index: $name) -> &mut Self::Output {
                 &mut self.$indexed_arena[index]
+            }
+        }
     };
     // Variant where we define type, Index(Mut) traits and an allocation function
+    (
         $name:ident, $parent:ty,
         index($indexed_type:ty, $indexed_arena:ident),
         alloc($fn_name:ident)
     ) => {
         define_aliased_ast_id!($name, $parent, index($indexed_type, $indexed_arena));
         impl Heap {
             pub fn $fn_name(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce($name) -> $indexed_type) -> $name {
                 self.$indexed_arena.alloc_with_id(|id| f(id))
+            }
+        }
     };
+}
 /// Helper macro that defines a wrapper type for a particular variant of an AST
 /// element ID. Only used to define single-wrapping IDs.
 macro_rules! define_new_ast_id {
     // Variant where we just defined the new type, without any indexing
     ($name:ident, $parent:ty) => {
         #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
         pub struct $name (pub(crate) $parent);
         #[allow(dead_code)]
         impl $name {
             pub(crate) fn new_invalid() -> Self     { Self(<$parent>::new_invalid()) }
             pub(crate) fn is_invalid(&self) -> bool { self.0.is_invalid() }
             pub fn upcast(self) -> $parent          { self.0 }
+        }
     };
     // Variant where we define the type, and the Index and IndexMut traits
+    (
         $name:ident, $parent:ty,
         index($indexed_type:ty, $wrapper_type:path, $indexed_arena:ident)
     ) => {
         define_new_ast_id!($name, $parent);
         impl Index<$name> for Heap {
             type Output = $indexed_type;
             fn index(&self, index: $name) -> &Self::Output {
                 if let $wrapper_type(v) = &self.$indexed_arena[index.0] {
+                    v
                 } else {
                     unreachable!()
+                }
+            }
+        }
         impl IndexMut<$name> for Heap {
             fn index_mut(&mut self, index: $name) -> &mut Self::Output {
                 if let $wrapper_type(v) = &mut self.$indexed_arena[index.0] {
+                    v
                 } else {
                     unreachable!()
+                }
+            }
+        }
     };
     // Variant where we define the type, the Index and IndexMut traits, and an allocation function
+    (
         $name:ident, $parent:ty,
         index($indexed_type:ty, $wrapper_type:path, $indexed_arena:ident),
         alloc($fn_name:ident)
     ) => {
         define_new_ast_id!($name, $parent, index($indexed_type, $wrapper_type, $indexed_arena));
         impl Heap {
             pub fn $fn_name(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce($name) -> $indexed_type) -> $name {
                 $name(
                     self.$indexed_arena.alloc_with_id(|id| {
                         $wrapper_type(f($name(id)))
                     })
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
 define_aliased_ast_id!(RootId, Id<Root>, index(Root, protocol_descriptions), alloc(alloc_protocol_description));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(PragmaId, Id<Pragma>, index(Pragma, pragmas), alloc(alloc_pragma));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(ImportId, Id<Import>, index(Import, imports), alloc(alloc_import));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(VariableId, Id<Variable>, index(Variable, variables), alloc(alloc_variable));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(DefinitionId, Id<Definition>, index(Definition, definitions));
 define_new_ast_id!(StructDefinitionId, DefinitionId, index(StructDefinition, Definition::Struct, definitions), alloc(alloc_struct_definition));
 define_new_ast_id!(EnumDefinitionId, DefinitionId, index(EnumDefinition, Definition::Enum, definitions), alloc(alloc_enum_definition));
 define_new_ast_id!(UnionDefinitionId, DefinitionId, index(UnionDefinition, Definition::Union, definitions), alloc(alloc_union_definition));
 define_new_ast_id!(ProcedureDefinitionId, DefinitionId, index(ProcedureDefinition, Definition::Procedure, definitions), alloc(alloc_procedure_definition));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(StatementId, Id<Statement>, index(Statement, statements));
 define_new_ast_id!(BlockStatementId, StatementId, index(BlockStatement, Statement::Block, statements), alloc(alloc_block_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(EndBlockStatementId, StatementId, index(EndBlockStatement, Statement::EndBlock, statements), alloc(alloc_end_block_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(LocalStatementId, StatementId, index(LocalStatement, Statement::Local, statements));
 define_new_ast_id!(MemoryStatementId, LocalStatementId);
 define_new_ast_id!(ChannelStatementId, LocalStatementId);
 define_new_ast_id!(LabeledStatementId, StatementId, index(LabeledStatement, Statement::Labeled, statements), alloc(alloc_labeled_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(IfStatementId, StatementId, index(IfStatement, Statement::If, statements), alloc(alloc_if_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(EndIfStatementId, StatementId, index(EndIfStatement, Statement::EndIf, statements), alloc(alloc_end_if_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(WhileStatementId, StatementId, index(WhileStatement, Statement::While, statements), alloc(alloc_while_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(EndWhileStatementId, StatementId, index(EndWhileStatement, Statement::EndWhile, statements), alloc(alloc_end_while_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(BreakStatementId, StatementId, index(BreakStatement, Statement::Break, statements), alloc(alloc_break_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(ContinueStatementId, StatementId, index(ContinueStatement, Statement::Continue, statements), alloc(alloc_continue_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(SynchronousStatementId, StatementId, index(SynchronousStatement, Statement::Synchronous, statements), alloc(alloc_synchronous_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(EndSynchronousStatementId, StatementId, index(EndSynchronousStatement, Statement::EndSynchronous, statements), alloc(alloc_end_synchronous_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(ForkStatementId, StatementId, index(ForkStatement, Statement::Fork, statements), alloc(alloc_fork_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(EndForkStatementId, StatementId, index(EndForkStatement, Statement::EndFork, statements), alloc(alloc_end_fork_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(SelectStatementId, StatementId, index(SelectStatement, Statement::Select, statements), alloc(alloc_select_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(EndSelectStatementId, StatementId, index(EndSelectStatement, Statement::EndSelect, statements), alloc(alloc_end_select_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(ReturnStatementId, StatementId, index(ReturnStatement, Statement::Return, statements), alloc(alloc_return_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(GotoStatementId, StatementId, index(GotoStatement, Statement::Goto, statements), alloc(alloc_goto_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(NewStatementId, StatementId, index(NewStatement, Statement::New, statements), alloc(alloc_new_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(ExpressionStatementId, StatementId, index(ExpressionStatement, Statement::Expression, statements), alloc(alloc_expression_statement));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(ExpressionId, Id<Expression>, index(Expression, expressions));
 define_new_ast_id!(AssignmentExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(AssignmentExpression, Expression::Assignment, expressions), alloc(alloc_assignment_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(BindingExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(BindingExpression, Expression::Binding, expressions), alloc(alloc_binding_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(ConditionalExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(ConditionalExpression, Expression::Conditional, expressions), alloc(alloc_conditional_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(BinaryExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(BinaryExpression, Expression::Binary, expressions), alloc(alloc_binary_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(UnaryExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(UnaryExpression, Expression::Unary, expressions), alloc(alloc_unary_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(IndexingExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(IndexingExpression, Expression::Indexing, expressions), alloc(alloc_indexing_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(SlicingExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(SlicingExpression, Expression::Slicing, expressions), alloc(alloc_slicing_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(SelectExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(SelectExpression, Expression::Select, expressions), alloc(alloc_select_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(LiteralExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(LiteralExpression, Expression::Literal, expressions), alloc(alloc_literal_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(CastExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(CastExpression, Expression::Cast, expressions), alloc(alloc_cast_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(CallExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(CallExpression, Expression::Call, expressions), alloc(alloc_call_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(VariableExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(VariableExpression, Expression::Variable, expressions), alloc(alloc_variable_expression));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(ScopeId, Id<Scope>, index(Scope, scopes), alloc(alloc_scope));
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Heap {
     // Root arena, contains the entry point for different modules. Each root
     // contains lists of IDs that correspond to the other arenas.
     pub(crate) protocol_descriptions: Arena<Root>,
     // Contents of a file, these are the elements the `Root` elements refer to
     pragmas: Arena<Pragma>,
     pub(crate) imports: Arena<Import>,
     pub(crate) variables: Arena<Variable>,
     pub(crate) definitions: Arena<Definition>,
     pub(crate) statements: Arena<Statement>,
     pub(crate) expressions: Arena<Expression>,
     pub(crate) scopes: Arena<Scope>,
+}
 impl Heap {
     pub fn new() -> Heap {
         Heap {
             // string_alloc: StringAllocator::new(),
             protocol_descriptions: Arena::new(),
             pragmas: Arena::new(),
             imports: Arena::new(),
             variables: Arena::new(),
             definitions: Arena::new(),
             statements: Arena::new(),
             expressions: Arena::new(),
             scopes: Arena::new(),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn alloc_memory_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(MemoryStatementId) -> MemoryStatement,
     ) -> MemoryStatementId {
         MemoryStatementId(LocalStatementId(self.statements.alloc_with_id(|id| {
             Statement::Local(LocalStatement::Memory(
                 f(MemoryStatementId(LocalStatementId(id)))
             ))
         })))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_channel_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(ChannelStatementId) -> ChannelStatement,
     ) -> ChannelStatementId {
         ChannelStatementId(LocalStatementId(self.statements.alloc_with_id(|id| {
             Statement::Local(LocalStatement::Channel(
                 f(ChannelStatementId(LocalStatementId(id)))
             ))
         })))
+    }
+}
 impl Index<MemoryStatementId> for Heap {
     type Output = MemoryStatement;
     fn index(&self, index: MemoryStatementId) -> &Self::Output {
         match &self.statements[index.0.0] {
             Statement::Local(LocalStatement::Memory(v)) => v,
             _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl Index<ChannelStatementId> for Heap {
     type Output = ChannelStatement;
     fn index(&self, index: ChannelStatementId) -> &Self::Output {
         match &self.statements[index.0.0] {
             Statement::Local(LocalStatement::Channel(v)) => v,
             _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Root {
     pub this: RootId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     // pub position: InputPosition,
     pub pragmas: Vec<PragmaId>,
     pub imports: Vec<ImportId>,
     pub definitions: Vec<DefinitionId>,
+}
 impl Root {
-    pub fn get_definition_ident(&self, h: &Heap, id: &[u8]) -> Option<DefinitionId> {
+    pub fn get_definition_by_ident(&self, h: &Heap, id: &[u8]) -> Option<DefinitionId> {
         for &def in self.definitions.iter() {
             if h[def].identifier().value.as_bytes() == id {
                 return Some(def);
+            }
+        }
         None
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Pragma {
     Version(PragmaVersion),
     Module(PragmaModule),
+}
 impl Pragma {
     pub(crate) fn as_module(&self) -> &PragmaModule {
         match self {
             Pragma::Module(pragma) => pragma,
             _ => unreachable!("Tried to obtain {:?} as PragmaModule", self),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct PragmaVersion {
     pub this: PragmaId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of full pragma
     pub version: u64,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct PragmaModule {
     pub this: PragmaId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of full pragma
     pub value: Identifier,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Import {
     Module(ImportModule),
     Symbols(ImportSymbols)
+}
 impl Import {
     pub(crate) fn span(&self) -> InputSpan {
         match self {
             Import::Module(v) => v.span,
             Import::Symbols(v) => v.span,
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_module(&self) -> &ImportModule {
         match self {
             Import::Module(m) => m,
             _ => unreachable!("Unable to cast 'Import' to 'ImportModule'")
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_symbols(&self) -> &ImportSymbols {
         match self {
             Import::Symbols(m) => m,
             _ => unreachable!("Unable to cast 'Import' to 'ImportSymbols'")
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_symbols_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ImportSymbols {
         match self {
             Import::Symbols(m) => m,
             _ => unreachable!("Unable to cast 'Import' to 'ImportSymbols'")
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ImportModule {
     pub this: ImportId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub module: Identifier,
     pub alias: Identifier,
     pub module_id: RootId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct AliasedSymbol {
     pub name: Identifier,
     pub alias: Option<Identifier>,
     pub definition_id: DefinitionId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ImportSymbols {
     pub this: ImportId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub module: Identifier,
     pub module_id: RootId,
     pub symbols: Vec<AliasedSymbol>,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Identifier {
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub value: StringRef<'static>,
+}
 impl Identifier {
     pub(crate) const fn new_empty(span: InputSpan) -> Identifier {
         return Identifier{
             span,
             value: StringRef::new_empty(),
         };
+    }
+}
 impl PartialEq for Identifier {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         return self.value == other.value
+    }
+}
 impl Display for Identifier {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(f, "{}", self.value.as_str())
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ParserTypeVariant {
     // Special builtin, only usable by the compiler and not constructable by the
     // programmer
     Void,
     InputOrOutput,
     ArrayLike,
     IntegerLike,
     // Basic builtin
     Message,
     Bool,
     UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64,
     SInt8, SInt16, SInt32, SInt64,
     Character, String,
     // Literals (need to get concrete builtin type during typechecking)
     IntegerLiteral,
     // Marker for inference
     Inferred,
     // Builtins expecting one subsequent type
     Array,
     Input,
     Output,
     // Tuple: expecting any number of elements. Note that the parser type can
     // have one-valued tuples, these will be filtered out later during type
     // checking.
     Tuple(u32), // u32 = number of subsequent types
     // User-defined types
     PolymorphicArgument(DefinitionId, u32), // u32 = index into polymorphic variables
     Definition(DefinitionId, u32), // u32 = number of subsequent types in the type tree.
+}
 impl ParserTypeVariant {
     pub(crate) fn num_embedded(&self) -> usize {
         use ParserTypeVariant::*;
         match self {
             Void | IntegerLike |
             Message | Bool |
             UInt8 | UInt16 | UInt32 | UInt64 |
             SInt8 | SInt16 | SInt32 | SInt64 |
             Character | String | IntegerLiteral |
             Inferred | PolymorphicArgument(_, _) =>
 ,
             ArrayLike | InputOrOutput | Array | Input | Output =>
 ,
             Definition(_, num) | Tuple(num) => *num as usize,
+        }
+    }
+}
 /// ParserTypeElement is an element of the type tree. An element may be
 /// implicit, meaning that the user didn't specify the type, but it was set by
 /// the compiler.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ParserTypeElement {
     pub element_span: InputSpan, // span of this element, not including the child types
     pub variant: ParserTypeVariant,
+}
 /// ParserType is a specification of a type during the parsing phase and initial
 /// linker/validator phase of the compilation process. These types may be
 /// (partially) inferred or represent literals (e.g. a integer whose bytesize is
 /// not yet determined).
 ///
 /// Its contents are the depth-first serialization of the type tree. Each node
 /// is a type that may accept polymorphic arguments. The polymorphic arguments
 /// are then the children of the node.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ParserType {
     pub elements: Vec<ParserTypeElement>,
     pub full_span: InputSpan,
+}
 impl ParserType {
     pub(crate) fn iter_embedded(&self, parent_idx: usize) -> ParserTypeIter {
         ParserTypeIter::new(&self.elements, parent_idx)
+    }
+}
 /// Iterator over the embedded elements of a specific element.
 pub struct ParserTypeIter<'a> {
     pub elements: &'a [ParserTypeElement],
     pub cur_embedded_idx: usize,
+}
 impl<'a> ParserTypeIter<'a> {
     fn new(elements: &'a [ParserTypeElement], parent_idx: usize) -> Self {
         debug_assert!(parent_idx < elements.len(), "parent index exceeds number of elements in ParserType");
         if elements[0].variant.num_embedded() == 0 {
             // Parent element does not have any embedded types, place
             // `cur_embedded_idx` at end so we will always return `None`
             Self{ elements, cur_embedded_idx: elements.len() }
         } else {
             // Parent element has an embedded type
             Self{ elements, cur_embedded_idx: parent_idx + 1 }
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl<'a> Iterator for ParserTypeIter<'a> {
     type Item = &'a [ParserTypeElement];
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         let elements_len = self.elements.len();
         if self.cur_embedded_idx >= elements_len {
             return None;
+        }
         // Seek to the end of the subtree
         let mut depth = 1;
         let start_element = self.cur_embedded_idx;
         while self.cur_embedded_idx < elements_len {
             let cur_element = &self.elements[self.cur_embedded_idx];
             let depth_change = cur_element.variant.num_embedded() as i32 - 1;
             depth += depth_change;
             debug_assert!(depth >= 0, "illegally constructed ParserType: {:?}", self.elements);
             self.cur_embedded_idx += 1;
             if depth == 0 {
                 break;
+            }
+        }
         debug_assert!(depth == 0, "illegally constructed ParserType: {:?}", self.elements);
         return Some(&self.elements[start_element..self.cur_embedded_idx]);
+    }
+}
 /// ConcreteType is the representation of a type after the type inference and
 /// checker is finished. These are fully typed.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub enum ConcreteTypePart {
     // Special types (cannot be explicitly constructed by the programmer)
     Void,
     // Builtin types without nested types
     Message,
     Bool,
     UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64,
     SInt8, SInt16, SInt32, SInt64,
     Character, String,
     // Builtin types with one nested type
     Array,
     Slice,
     Input,
     Output,
     Pointer,
     // Tuple: variable number of nested types, will never be 1
     Tuple(u32),
     // User defined type with any number of nested types
     Instance(DefinitionId, u32),    // instance of data type
     Function(ProcedureDefinitionId, u32),    // instance of function
     Component(ProcedureDefinitionId, u32),   // instance of a connector
+}
 impl ConcreteTypePart {
     pub(crate) fn num_embedded(&self) -> u32 {
         use ConcreteTypePart::*;
         match self {
             Void | Message | Bool |
             UInt8 | UInt16 | UInt32 | UInt64 |
             SInt8 | SInt16 | SInt32 | SInt64 |
             Character | String =>
 ,
             Array | Slice | Input | Output | Pointer =>
 ,
             Tuple(num_embedded) => *num_embedded,
             Instance(_, num_embedded) => *num_embedded,
             Function(_, num_embedded) => *num_embedded,
             Component(_, num_embedded) => *num_embedded,
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ConcreteType {
     pub(crate) parts: Vec<ConcreteTypePart>
+}
 impl Default for ConcreteType {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self{ parts: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
 impl ConcreteType {
     /// Returns an iterator over the subtrees that are type arguments (e.g. an
     /// array element's type, or a polymorphic type's arguments) to the
     /// provided parent type (specified by its index in the `parts` array).
     pub(crate) fn embedded_iter(&self, parent_part_idx: usize) -> ConcreteTypeIter {
         return ConcreteTypeIter::new(&self.parts, parent_part_idx);
+    }
     /// Construct a human-readable name for the type. Because this performs
     /// a string allocation don't use it for anything else then displaying the
     /// type to the user.
     pub(crate) fn display_name(&self, heap: &Heap) -> String {
         return Self::type_parts_display_name(self.parts.as_slice(), heap);
+    }
     // --- Utilities that operate on slice of parts
     /// Given the starting position of a type tree, determine the exclusive
     /// ending index.
     pub(crate) fn type_parts_subtree_end_idx(parts: &[ConcreteTypePart], start_idx: usize) -> usize {
         let mut depth = 1;
         let num_parts = parts.len();
         debug_assert!(start_idx < num_parts);
         for part_idx in start_idx..parts.len() {
             let depth_change = parts[part_idx].num_embedded() as i32 - 1;
             depth += depth_change;
             debug_assert!(depth >= 0);
             if depth == 0 {
                 return part_idx + 1;
+            }
+        }
         debug_assert!(false, "incorrectly constructed ConcreteType instance");
         return 0;
+    }
     /// Produces a human-readable representation of the concrete type parts
     fn type_parts_display_name(parts: &[ConcreteTypePart], heap: &Heap) -> String {
         let mut name = String::with_capacity(128);
         let _final_idx = Self::render_type_part_at(parts, heap, 0, &mut name);
         debug_assert_eq!(_final_idx, parts.len());
         return name;
+    }
     /// Produces a human-readable representation of a single type part. Lower
     /// level utility for `type_parts_display_name`.
     fn render_type_part_at(parts: &[ConcreteTypePart], heap: &Heap, mut idx: usize, target: &mut String) -> usize {
         use ConcreteTypePart as CTP;
         use crate::protocol::parser::token_parsing::*;
         let cur_idx = idx;
         idx += 1; // increment by 1, because it always happens
         match parts[cur_idx] {
             CTP::Void => { target.push_str("void"); },
             CTP::Message => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_MESSAGE_STR); },
             CTP::Bool => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_BOOL_STR); },
             CTP::UInt8 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT8_STR); },
             CTP::UInt16 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT16_STR); },
             CTP::UInt32 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT32_STR); },
             CTP::UInt64 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT64_STR); },
             CTP::SInt8 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT8_STR); },
             CTP::SInt16 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT16_STR); },
             CTP::SInt32 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT32_STR); },
             CTP::SInt64 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT64_STR); },
             CTP::Character => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_CHAR_STR); },
             CTP::String => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_STRING_STR); },
             CTP::Array | CTP::Slice => {
                 idx = Self::render_type_part_at(parts, heap, idx, target);
                 target.push_str("[]");
             },
             CTP::Input => {
                 target.push_str(KW_TYPE_IN_PORT_STR);
                 target.push('<');
                 idx = Self::render_type_part_at(parts, heap, idx, target);
                 target.push('>');
             },
             CTP::Output => {
                 target.push_str(KW_TYPE_OUT_PORT_STR);
                 target.push('<');
                 idx = Self::render_type_part_at(parts, heap, idx, target);
                 target.push('>');
             },
             CTP::Pointer => {
                 target.push('*');
                 idx = Self::render_type_part_at(parts, heap, idx, target);
+            }
             CTP::Tuple(num_parts) => {
                 target.push('(');
                 if num_parts != 0 {
                     idx = Self::render_type_part_at(parts, heap, idx, target);
                     for _ in 1..num_parts {
                         target.push(',');
                         idx = Self::render_type_part_at(parts, heap, idx, target);
+                    }
+                }
                 target.push(')');
             },
             CTP::Instance(definition_id, num_poly_args) => {
                 idx = Self::render_definition_type_parts_at(parts, heap, definition_id, num_poly_args, idx, target);
+            }
             CTP::Function(definition_id, num_poly_args) |
             CTP::Component(definition_id, num_poly_args) => {
                 idx = Self::render_definition_type_parts_at(parts, heap, definition_id.upcast(), num_poly_args, idx, target);
+            }
+        }
         idx
+    }
     fn render_definition_type_parts_at(parts: &[ConcreteTypePart], heap: &Heap, definition_id: DefinitionId, num_poly_args: u32, mut idx: usize, target: &mut String) -> usize {
         let definition = &heap[definition_id];
         target.push_str(definition.identifier().value.as_str());
         if num_poly_args != 0 {
             target.push('<');
             for poly_arg_idx in 0..num_poly_args {
                 if poly_arg_idx != 0 {
                     target.push(',');
+                }
                 idx = Self::render_type_part_at(parts, heap, idx, target);
+            }
             target.push('>');
+        }
         return idx;
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ConcreteTypeIter<'a> {
     parts: &'a [ConcreteTypePart],
     idx_embedded: u32,
     num_embedded: u32,
     part_idx: usize,
+}
 impl<'a> ConcreteTypeIter<'a> {
     pub(crate) fn new(parts: &'a[ConcreteTypePart], parent_idx: usize) -> Self {
         let num_embedded = parts[parent_idx].num_embedded();
         return ConcreteTypeIter{
             parts,
             idx_embedded: 0,
             num_embedded,
             part_idx: parent_idx + 1,
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl<'a> Iterator for ConcreteTypeIter<'a> {
     type Item = &'a [ConcreteTypePart];
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         if self.idx_embedded == self.num_embedded {
             return None;
+        }
         // Retrieve the subtree of interest
         let start_idx = self.part_idx;
         let end_idx = ConcreteType::type_parts_subtree_end_idx(&self.parts, start_idx);
         self.idx_embedded += 1;
         self.part_idx = end_idx;
         return Some(&self.parts[start_idx..end_idx]);
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum ScopeAssociation {
     Definition(DefinitionId),
     Block(BlockStatementId),
     If(IfStatementId, bool), // if true, then body of "if", otherwise body of "else"
     While(WhileStatementId),
     Synchronous(SynchronousStatementId),
     SelectCase(SelectStatementId, u32), // index is select case
+}
 /// `ScopeNode` is a helper that links scopes in two directions. It doesn't
 /// actually contain any information associated with the scope, this may be
 /// found on the AST elements that `Scope` points to.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Scope {
     // Relation to other scopes
     pub this: ScopeId,
     pub parent: Option<ScopeId>,
     pub nested: Vec<ScopeId>,
     // Locally available variables/labels
     pub association: ScopeAssociation,
     pub variables: Vec<VariableId>,
     pub labels: Vec<LabeledStatementId>,
     // Location trackers/counters
     pub relative_pos_in_parent: i32,
     pub first_unique_id_in_scope: i32,
     pub next_unique_id_in_scope: i32,
+}
 impl Scope {
     pub(crate) fn new(id: ScopeId, association: ScopeAssociation) -> Self {
         return Self{
             this: id,
             parent: None,
             nested: Vec::new(),
             association,
             variables: Vec::new(),
             labels: Vec::new(),
             relative_pos_in_parent: -1,
             first_unique_id_in_scope: -1,
             next_unique_id_in_scope: -1,
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl Scope {
     pub(crate) fn new_invalid(this: ScopeId) -> Self {
         return Self{
             this,
             parent: None,
             nested: Vec::new(),
             association: ScopeAssociation::Definition(DefinitionId::new_invalid()),
             variables: Vec::new(),
             labels: Vec::new(),
             relative_pos_in_parent: -1,
             first_unique_id_in_scope: -1,
             next_unique_id_in_scope: -1,
         };
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum VariableKind {
     Parameter,      // in parameter list of function/component
     Local,          // declared in function/component body
     Binding,        // may be bound to in a binding expression (determined in validator/linker)
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Variable {
     pub this: VariableId,
     // Parsing
     pub kind: VariableKind,
     pub parser_type: ParserType,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     // Validator/linker
     pub relative_pos_in_parent: i32,
     pub unique_id_in_scope: i32, // Temporary fix until proper bytecode/asm is generated
+}
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum Definition {
     Struct(StructDefinition),
     Enum(EnumDefinition),
     Union(UnionDefinition),
     Procedure(ProcedureDefinition),
+}
 impl Definition {
     pub fn is_struct(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Definition::Struct(_) => true,
             _ => false
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_struct(&self) -> &StructDefinition {
         match self {
             Definition::Struct(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Definition' to 'StructDefinition'"),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_struct_mut(&mut self) -> &mut StructDefinition {
         match self {
             Definition::Struct(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Definition' to 'StructDefinition'"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn is_enum(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Definition::Enum(_) => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_enum(&self) -> &EnumDefinition {
         match self {
             Definition::Enum(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Definition' to 'EnumDefinition'"),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_enum_mut(&mut self) -> &mut EnumDefinition {
         match self {
             Definition::Enum(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Definition' to 'EnumDefinition'"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn is_union(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Definition::Union(_) => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_union(&self) -> &UnionDefinition {
         match self {
             Definition::Union(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Definition' to 'UnionDefinition'"),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_union_mut(&mut self) -> &mut UnionDefinition {
         match self {
             Definition::Union(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Definition' to 'UnionDefinition'"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn is_procedure(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Definition::Procedure(_) => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_procedure(&self) -> &ProcedureDefinition {
         match self {
             Definition::Procedure(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Definition` to `Function`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_procedure_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ProcedureDefinition {
         match self {
             Definition::Procedure(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Definition` to `Function`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn defined_in(&self) -> RootId {
         match self {
             Definition::Struct(def) => def.defined_in,
             Definition::Enum(def) => def.defined_in,
             Definition::Union(def) => def.defined_in,
             Definition::Procedure(def) => def.defined_in,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn identifier(&self) -> &Identifier {
         match self {
             Definition::Struct(def) => &def.identifier,
             Definition::Enum(def) => &def.identifier,
             Definition::Union(def) => &def.identifier,
             Definition::Procedure(def) => &def.identifier,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn poly_vars(&self) -> &Vec<Identifier> {
         match self {
             Definition::Struct(def) => &def.poly_vars,
             Definition::Enum(def) => &def.poly_vars,
             Definition::Union(def) => &def.poly_vars,
             Definition::Procedure(def) => &def.poly_vars,
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct StructFieldDefinition {
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub field: Identifier,
     pub parser_type: ParserType,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct StructDefinition {
     pub this: StructDefinitionId,
     pub defined_in: RootId,
     // Symbol scanning
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>,
     // Parsing
     pub fields: Vec<StructFieldDefinition>
+}
 impl StructDefinition {
     pub(crate) fn new_empty(
-        this: StructDefinitionId, defined_in: RootId, span: InputSpan,
         this: StructDefinitionId, defined_in: RootId,
         identifier: Identifier, poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>
     ) -> Self {
-        Self{ this, defined_in, span, identifier, poly_vars, fields: Vec::new() }
         Self{ this, defined_in, identifier, poly_vars, fields: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum EnumVariantValue {
     None,
     Integer(i64),
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct EnumVariantDefinition {
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub value: EnumVariantValue,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct EnumDefinition {
     pub this: EnumDefinitionId,
     pub defined_in: RootId,
     // Symbol scanning
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>,
     // Parsing
     pub variants: Vec<EnumVariantDefinition>,
+}
 impl EnumDefinition {
     pub(crate) fn new_empty(
-        this: EnumDefinitionId, defined_in: RootId, span: InputSpan,
         this: EnumDefinitionId, defined_in: RootId,
         identifier: Identifier, poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>
     ) -> Self {
-        Self{ this, defined_in, span, identifier, poly_vars, variants: Vec::new() }
         Self{ this, defined_in, identifier, poly_vars, variants: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct UnionVariantDefinition {
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub value: Vec<ParserType>, // if empty, then union variant does not contain any embedded types
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct UnionDefinition {
     pub this: UnionDefinitionId,
     pub defined_in: RootId,
     // Phase 1: symbol scanning
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>,
     // Phase 2: parsing
     pub variants: Vec<UnionVariantDefinition>,
+}
 impl UnionDefinition {
     pub(crate) fn new_empty(
-        this: UnionDefinitionId, defined_in: RootId, span: InputSpan,
         this: UnionDefinitionId, defined_in: RootId,
         identifier: Identifier, poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>
     ) -> Self {
-        Self{ this, defined_in, span, identifier, poly_vars, variants: Vec::new() }
         Self{ this, defined_in, identifier, poly_vars, variants: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ProcedureKind {
     Function, // with return type
     Primitive, // without return type
     Composite,
+}
 /// Monomorphed instantiation of a procedure (or the sole instantiation of a
 /// non-polymorphic procedure).
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ProcedureDefinitionMonomorph {
     pub argument_types: Vec<TypeId>,
     pub expr_info: Vec<ExpressionInfo>
+}
 impl ProcedureDefinitionMonomorph {
     pub(crate) fn new_invalid() -> Self {
         return Self{
             argument_types: Vec::new(),
             expr_info: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct ExpressionInfo {
     pub type_id: TypeId,
     pub variant: ExpressionInfoVariant,
+}
 impl ExpressionInfo {
     pub(crate) fn new_invalid() -> Self {
         return Self{
             type_id: TypeId::new_invalid(),
             variant: ExpressionInfoVariant::Generic,
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum ExpressionInfoVariant {
     Generic,
     Procedure(TypeId, u32), // procedure TypeID and its monomorph index
     Select(i32), // index
+}
 impl ExpressionInfoVariant {
     pub(crate) fn as_select(&self) -> i32 {
         match self {
             ExpressionInfoVariant::Select(v) => *v,
             _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_procedure(&self) -> (TypeId, u32) {
         match self {
             ExpressionInfoVariant::Procedure(type_id, monomorph_index) => (*type_id, *monomorph_index),
             _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum ProcedureSource {
     FuncUserDefined,
     CompUserDefined,
     // Builtin functions, available to user
     FuncGet,
     FuncPut,
     FuncFires,
     FuncCreate,
     FuncLength,
     FuncAssert,
     FuncPrint,
     // Buitlin functions, not available to user
     FuncSelectStart,
     FuncSelectRegisterCasePort,
     FuncSelectWait,
     // Builtin components, available to user
     CompRandomU32, // TODO: Remove, temporary thing
     CompTcpClient,
+}
 impl ProcedureSource {
     pub(crate) fn is_builtin(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             ProcedureSource::FuncUserDefined | ProcedureSource::CompUserDefined => false,
             _ => true,
+        }
+    }
+}
 /// Generic storage for functions, primitive components and composite
 /// components.
 // Note that we will have function definitions for builtin functions as well. In
 // that case the span, the identifier span and the body are all invalid.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ProcedureDefinition {
     pub this: ProcedureDefinitionId,
     pub defined_in: RootId,
     // Symbol scanning
     pub builtin: bool,
     pub kind: ProcedureKind,
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>,
     // Parser
     pub source: ProcedureSource,
     pub return_type: Option<ParserType>, // present on functions, not components
     pub parameters: Vec<VariableId>,
     pub scope: ScopeId,
     pub body: BlockStatementId,
     // Monomorphization of typed procedures
     pub monomorphs: Vec<ProcedureDefinitionMonomorph>,
+}
 impl ProcedureDefinition {
     pub(crate) fn new_empty(
-        this: ProcedureDefinitionId, defined_in: RootId, span: InputSpan,
         this: ProcedureDefinitionId, defined_in: RootId,
         kind: ProcedureKind, identifier: Identifier, poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             this, defined_in,
             builtin: false,
             span,
             kind, identifier, poly_vars,
             source: ProcedureSource::FuncUserDefined,
             return_type: None,
             parameters: Vec::new(),
             scope: ScopeId::new_invalid(),
             body: BlockStatementId::new_invalid(),
             monomorphs: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Statement {
     Block(BlockStatement),
     EndBlock(EndBlockStatement),
     Local(LocalStatement),
     Labeled(LabeledStatement),
     If(IfStatement),
     EndIf(EndIfStatement),
     While(WhileStatement),
     EndWhile(EndWhileStatement),
     Break(BreakStatement),
     Continue(ContinueStatement),
     Synchronous(SynchronousStatement),
     EndSynchronous(EndSynchronousStatement),
     Fork(ForkStatement),
     EndFork(EndForkStatement),
     Select(SelectStatement),
     EndSelect(EndSelectStatement),
     Return(ReturnStatement),
     Goto(GotoStatement),
     New(NewStatement),
     Expression(ExpressionStatement),
+}
 impl Statement {
     pub fn as_new(&self) -> &NewStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::New(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `NewStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn span(&self) -> InputSpan {
         match self {
             Statement::Block(v) => v.span,
             Statement::Local(v) => v.span(),
             Statement::Labeled(v) => v.label.span,
             Statement::If(v) => v.span,
             Statement::While(v) => v.span,
             Statement::Break(v) => v.span,
             Statement::Continue(v) => v.span,
             Statement::Synchronous(v) => v.span,
             Statement::Fork(v) => v.span,
             Statement::Select(v) => v.span,
             Statement::Return(v) => v.span,
             Statement::Goto(v) => v.span,
             Statement::New(v) => v.span,
             Statement::Expression(v) => v.span,
             Statement::EndBlock(_)
             | Statement::EndIf(_)
             | Statement::EndWhile(_)
             | Statement::EndSynchronous(_)
             | Statement::EndFork(_)
             | Statement::EndSelect(_) => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn link_next(&mut self, next: StatementId) {
         match self {
             Statement::Block(stmt) => stmt.next = next,
             Statement::EndBlock(stmt) => stmt.next = next,
             Statement::Local(stmt) => match stmt {
                 LocalStatement::Channel(stmt) => stmt.next = next,
                 LocalStatement::Memory(stmt) => stmt.next = next,
             },
             Statement::EndIf(stmt) => stmt.next = next,
             Statement::EndWhile(stmt) => stmt.next = next,
             Statement::EndSynchronous(stmt) => stmt.next = next,
             Statement::EndFork(stmt) => stmt.next = next,
             Statement::EndSelect(stmt) => stmt.next = next,
             Statement::New(stmt) => stmt.next = next,
             Statement::Expression(stmt) => stmt.next = next,
             Statement::Return(_)
             | Statement::Break(_)
             | Statement::Continue(_)
             | Statement::Synchronous(_)
             | Statement::Fork(_)
             | Statement::Select(_)
             | Statement::Goto(_)
             | Statement::While(_)
             | Statement::Labeled(_)
             | Statement::If(_) => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct BlockStatement {
     pub this: BlockStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the complete block
     pub statements: Vec<StatementId>,
     pub end_block: EndBlockStatementId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub scope: ScopeId,
     pub next: StatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct EndBlockStatement {
     pub this: EndBlockStatementId,
     // Parser
     pub start_block: BlockStatementId,
     // Validation/Linking
     pub next: StatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum LocalStatement {
     Memory(MemoryStatement),
     Channel(ChannelStatement),
+}
 impl LocalStatement {
     pub fn this(&self) -> LocalStatementId {
         match self {
             LocalStatement::Memory(stmt) => stmt.this.upcast(),
             LocalStatement::Channel(stmt) => stmt.this.upcast(),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn span(&self) -> InputSpan {
         match self {
             LocalStatement::Channel(v) => v.span,
             LocalStatement::Memory(v) => v.span,
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct MemoryStatement {
     pub this: MemoryStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub variable: VariableId,
     pub initial_expr: AssignmentExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub next: StatementId,
+}
 /// ChannelStatement is the declaration of an input and output port associated
 /// with the same channel. Note that the polarity of the ports are from the
 /// point of view of the component. So an output port is something that a
 /// component uses to send data over (i.e. it is the "input end" of the
 /// channel), and vice versa.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ChannelStatement {
     pub this: ChannelStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the "channel" keyword
     pub from: VariableId, // output
     pub to: VariableId,   // input
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub relative_pos_in_parent: i32,
     pub next: StatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct LabeledStatement {
     pub this: LabeledStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub label: Identifier,
     pub body: StatementId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub relative_pos_in_parent: i32,
     pub in_sync: SynchronousStatementId, // may be invalid
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct IfStatement {
     pub this: IfStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the "if" keyword
     pub test: ExpressionId,
     pub true_case: IfStatementCase,
     pub false_case: Option<IfStatementCase>,
     pub end_if: EndIfStatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct IfStatementCase {
     pub body: StatementId,
     pub scope: ScopeId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct EndIfStatement {
     pub this: EndIfStatementId,
     pub start_if: IfStatementId,
     pub next: StatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct WhileStatement {
     pub this: WhileStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the "while" keyword
     pub test: ExpressionId,
     pub scope: ScopeId,
     pub body: StatementId,
     pub end_while: EndWhileStatementId,
     pub in_sync: SynchronousStatementId, // may be invalid
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct EndWhileStatement {
     pub this: EndWhileStatementId,
     pub start_while: WhileStatementId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub next: StatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct BreakStatement {
     pub this: BreakStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the "break" keyword
     pub label: Option<Identifier>,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub target: EndWhileStatementId, // invalid if not yet set
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ContinueStatement {
     pub this: ContinueStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the "continue" keyword
     pub label: Option<Identifier>,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub target: WhileStatementId, // invalid if not yet set
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct SynchronousStatement {
     pub this: SynchronousStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the "sync" keyword
     pub scope: ScopeId,
     pub body: StatementId,
     pub end_sync: EndSynchronousStatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct EndSynchronousStatement {
     pub this: EndSynchronousStatementId,
     pub start_sync: SynchronousStatementId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub next: StatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ForkStatement {
     pub this: ForkStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the "fork" keyword
     pub left_body: StatementId,
     pub right_body: Option<StatementId>,
     pub end_fork: EndForkStatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct EndForkStatement {
     pub this: EndForkStatementId,
     pub start_fork: ForkStatementId,
     pub next: StatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct SelectStatement {
     pub this: SelectStatementId,
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the "select" keyword
     pub cases: Vec<SelectCase>,
     pub end_select: EndSelectStatementId,
     pub relative_pos_in_parent: i32,
     pub next: StatementId, // note: the select statement will be transformed into other AST elements, this `next` jumps to those replacement statements
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct SelectCase {
     // The guard statement of a `select` is either a MemoryStatement or an
     // ExpressionStatement. Nothing else is allowed by the initial parsing
     pub guard: StatementId,
     pub body: StatementId,
     pub scope: ScopeId,
     // Phase 2: Validation and Linking
     pub involved_ports: Vec<(CallExpressionId, ExpressionId)>, // call to `get` and its port argument
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct EndSelectStatement {
     pub this: EndSelectStatementId,
     pub start_select: SelectStatementId,
     pub next: StatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ReturnStatement {
     pub this: ReturnStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the "return" keyword
     pub expressions: Vec<ExpressionId>,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct GotoStatement {
     pub this: GotoStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the "goto" keyword
     pub label: Identifier,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub target: LabeledStatementId, // invalid if not yet set
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct NewStatement {
     pub this: NewStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan, // of the "new" keyword
     pub expression: CallExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub next: StatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ExpressionStatement {
     pub this: ExpressionStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub expression: ExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub next: StatementId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum ExpressionParent {
     None, // only set during initial parsing
     Memory(MemoryStatementId),
     If(IfStatementId),
     While(WhileStatementId),
     Return(ReturnStatementId),
     New(NewStatementId),
     ExpressionStmt(ExpressionStatementId),
     Expression(ExpressionId, u32) // index within expression (e.g LHS or RHS of expression, or index in array literal, etc.)
+}
 impl ExpressionParent {
     pub fn is_new(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             ExpressionParent::New(_) => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_expression(&self) -> ExpressionId {
         match self {
             ExpressionParent::Expression(id, _) => *id,
             _ => panic!("called as_expression() on {:?}", self),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Expression {
     Assignment(AssignmentExpression),
     Binding(BindingExpression),
     Conditional(ConditionalExpression),
     Binary(BinaryExpression),
     Unary(UnaryExpression),
     Indexing(IndexingExpression),
     Slicing(SlicingExpression),
     Select(SelectExpression),
     Literal(LiteralExpression),
     Cast(CastExpression),
     Call(CallExpression),
     Variable(VariableExpression),
+}
 impl Expression {
     pub fn as_variable(&self) -> &VariableExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Variable(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `VariableExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     /// Returns operator span, function name, a binding's "let" span, etc. An
     /// indicator for the kind of expression that is being applied.
     pub fn operation_span(&self) -> InputSpan {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => expr.operator_span,
             Expression::Binding(expr) => expr.operator_span,
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => expr.operator_span,
             Expression::Binary(expr) => expr.operator_span,
             Expression::Unary(expr) => expr.operator_span,
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => expr.operator_span,
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => expr.slicing_span,
             Expression::Select(expr) => expr.operator_span,
             Expression::Literal(expr) => expr.span,
             Expression::Cast(expr) => expr.cast_span,
             Expression::Call(expr) => expr.func_span,
             Expression::Variable(expr) => expr.identifier.span,
+        }
+    }
     /// Returns the span covering the entire expression (i.e. including the
     /// spans of the arguments as well).
     pub fn full_span(&self) -> InputSpan {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => expr.full_span,
             Expression::Binding(expr) => expr.full_span,
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => expr.full_span,
             Expression::Binary(expr) => expr.full_span,
             Expression::Unary(expr) => expr.full_span,
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => expr.full_span,
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => expr.full_span,
             Expression::Select(expr) => expr.full_span,
             Expression::Literal(expr) => expr.span,
             Expression::Cast(expr) => expr.full_span,
             Expression::Call(expr) => expr.full_span,
             Expression::Variable(expr) => expr.identifier.span,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn parent(&self) -> &ExpressionParent {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Binding(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Binary(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Unary(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Select(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Literal(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Cast(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Call(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Variable(expr) => &expr.parent,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn parent_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ExpressionParent {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
             Expression::Binding(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
             Expression::Binary(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
             Expression::Unary(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
             Expression::Select(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
             Expression::Literal(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
             Expression::Cast(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
             Expression::Call(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
             Expression::Variable(expr) => &mut expr.parent,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn parent_expr_id(&self) -> Option<ExpressionId> {
         if let ExpressionParent::Expression(id, _) = self.parent() {
             Some(*id)
         } else {
             None
+        }
+    }
     pub fn type_index(&self) -> i32 {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => expr.type_index,
             Expression::Binding(expr) => expr.type_index,
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => expr.type_index,
             Expression::Binary(expr) => expr.type_index,
             Expression::Unary(expr) => expr.type_index,
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => expr.type_index,
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => expr.type_index,
             Expression::Select(expr) => expr.type_index,
             Expression::Literal(expr) => expr.type_index,
             Expression::Cast(expr) => expr.type_index,
             Expression::Call(expr) => expr.type_index,
             Expression::Variable(expr) => expr.type_index,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn type_index_mut(&mut self) -> &mut i32 {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
             Expression::Binding(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
             Expression::Binary(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
             Expression::Unary(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
             Expression::Select(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
             Expression::Literal(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
             Expression::Cast(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
             Expression::Call(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
             Expression::Variable(expr) => &mut expr.type_index,
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum AssignmentOperator {
     Set,
     Concatenated,
     Multiplied,
     Divided,
     Remained,
     Added,
     Subtracted,
     ShiftedLeft,
     ShiftedRight,
     BitwiseAnded,
     BitwiseXored,
     BitwiseOred,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct AssignmentExpression {
     pub this: AssignmentExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub operator_span: InputSpan,
     pub full_span: InputSpan,
     pub left: ExpressionId,
     pub operation: AssignmentOperator,
     pub right: ExpressionId,
     // Validator/Linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct BindingExpression {
     pub this: BindingExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub operator_span: InputSpan,
     pub full_span: InputSpan,
     pub bound_to: ExpressionId,
     pub bound_from: ExpressionId,
     // Validator/Linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct ConditionalExpression {
     pub this: ConditionalExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub operator_span: InputSpan,
     pub full_span: InputSpan,
     pub test: ExpressionId,
     pub true_expression: ExpressionId,
     pub false_expression: ExpressionId,
     // Validator/Linking
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum BinaryOperator {
     Concatenate,
     LogicalOr,
     LogicalAnd,
     BitwiseOr,
     BitwiseXor,
     BitwiseAnd,
     Equality,
     Inequality,
     LessThan,
     GreaterThan,
     LessThanEqual,
     GreaterThanEqual,
     ShiftLeft,
     ShiftRight,
     Add,
     Subtract,
     Multiply,
     Divide,
     Remainder,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct BinaryExpression {
     pub this: BinaryExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub operator_span: InputSpan,
     pub full_span: InputSpan,
     pub left: ExpressionId,
     pub operation: BinaryOperator,
     pub right: ExpressionId,
     // Validator/Linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum UnaryOperator {
     Positive,
     Negative,
     BitwiseNot,
     LogicalNot,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct UnaryExpression {
     pub this: UnaryExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub operator_span: InputSpan,
     pub full_span: InputSpan,
     pub operation: UnaryOperator,
     pub expression: ExpressionId,
     // Validator/Linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct IndexingExpression {
     pub this: IndexingExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub operator_span: InputSpan,
     pub full_span: InputSpan,
     pub subject: ExpressionId,
     pub index: ExpressionId,
     // Validator/Linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct SlicingExpression {
     pub this: SlicingExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub slicing_span: InputSpan, // from '[' to ']'
     pub full_span: InputSpan, // includes subject
     pub subject: ExpressionId,
     pub from_index: ExpressionId,
     pub to_index: ExpressionId,
     // Validator/Linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum SelectKind {
     StructField(Identifier),
     TupleMember(u64), // u64 is overkill, but space is taken up by `StructField` variant anyway
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct SelectExpression {
     pub this: SelectExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub operator_span: InputSpan, // of the '.'
     pub full_span: InputSpan, // includes subject and field
     pub subject: ExpressionId,
     pub kind: SelectKind,
     // Validator/Linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct CastExpression {
     pub this: CastExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub cast_span: InputSpan, // of the "cast" keyword,
     pub full_span: InputSpan, // includes the cast subject
     pub to_type: ParserType,
     pub subject: ExpressionId,
     // Validator/linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct CallExpression {
     pub this: CallExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub func_span: InputSpan, // of the function name
     pub full_span: InputSpan, // includes the arguments and parentheses
     pub parser_type: ParserType, // of the function call, not the return type
     pub method: Method,
     pub arguments: Vec<ExpressionId>,
     pub procedure: ProcedureDefinitionId,
     // Validator/Linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum Method {
     // Builtin, accessible by programmer
+    // Builtin function, accessible by programmer
     Get,
     Put,
     Fires,
     Create,
     Length,
     Assert,
     Print,
     // Builtin, not accessible by programmer
+    // Builtin function, not accessible by programmer
     SelectStart, // SelectStart(total_num_cases, total_num_ports)
     SelectRegisterCasePort, // SelectRegisterCasePort(case_index, port_index, port_id)
     SelectWait, // SelectWait() -> u32
     // Builtin component,
     ComponentRandomU32,
     ComponentTcpClient,
     // User-defined
     UserFunction,
     UserComponent,
+}
 impl Method {
     pub(crate) fn is_public_builtin(&self) -> bool {
         use Method::*;
         match self {
             Get | Put | Fires | Create | Length | Assert | Print => true,
             ComponentRandomU32 | ComponentTcpClient => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn is_user_defined(&self) -> bool {
         use Method::*;
         match self {
             UserFunction | UserComponent => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct LiteralExpression {
     pub this: LiteralExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub value: Literal,
     // Validator/Linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Literal {
     Null, // message
     True,
     False,
     Character(char),
     Bytestring(Vec<u8>),
     String(StringRef<'static>),
     Integer(LiteralInteger),
     Struct(LiteralStruct),
     Enum(LiteralEnum),
     Union(LiteralUnion),
     Array(Vec<ExpressionId>),
     Tuple(Vec<ExpressionId>),
+}
 impl Literal {
     pub(crate) fn as_struct(&self) -> &LiteralStruct {
         if let Literal::Struct(literal) = self{
             literal
         } else {
             unreachable!("Attempted to obtain {:?} as Literal::Struct", self)
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_enum(&self) -> &LiteralEnum {
         if let Literal::Enum(literal) = self {
             literal
         } else {
             unreachable!("Attempted to obtain {:?} as Literal::Enum", self)
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_union(&self) -> &LiteralUnion {
         if let Literal::Union(literal) = self {
             literal
         } else {
             unreachable!("Attempted to obtain {:?} as Literal::Union", self)
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct LiteralInteger {
     pub(crate) unsigned_value: u64,
     pub(crate) negated: bool, // for constant expression evaluation, TODO: @Int
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct LiteralStructField {
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub(crate) identifier: Identifier,
     pub(crate) value: ExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub(crate) field_idx: usize, // in struct definition
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct LiteralStruct {
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub(crate) parser_type: ParserType,
     pub(crate) fields: Vec<LiteralStructField>,
     pub(crate) definition: DefinitionId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct LiteralEnum {
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub(crate) parser_type: ParserType,
     pub(crate) variant: Identifier,
     pub(crate) definition: DefinitionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub(crate) variant_idx: usize, // as present in the type table
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct LiteralUnion {
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub(crate) parser_type: ParserType,
     pub(crate) variant: Identifier,
     pub(crate) values: Vec<ExpressionId>,
     pub(crate) definition: DefinitionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub(crate) variant_idx: usize, // as present in type table
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct VariableExpression {
     pub this: VariableExpressionId,
     // Parsing
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     // Validator/Linker
     pub declaration: Option<VariableId>,
     pub used_as_binding_target: bool,
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Typing
     pub type_index: i32,
+}
@@ \ No newline at end of file @@

src/protocol/ast_writer.rs

➞

Show inline comments

@@ file renamed from src/protocol/ast_printer.rs to src/protocol/ast_writer.rs @@
 #![allow(dead_code)]
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
 use std::io::Write as IOWrite;
 use super::ast::*;
 use super::token_parsing::*;
 const INDENT: usize = 2;
 const PREFIX_EMPTY: &'static str = "    ";
 const PREFIX_ROOT_ID: &'static str = "Root";
 const PREFIX_PRAGMA_ID: &'static str = "Prag";
 const PREFIX_IMPORT_ID: &'static str = "Imp ";
 const PREFIX_TYPE_ANNOT_ID: &'static str = "TyAn";
 const PREFIX_VARIABLE_ID: &'static str = "Var ";
 const PREFIX_DEFINITION_ID: &'static str = "Def ";
 const PREFIX_STRUCT_ID: &'static str = "DefS";
 const PREFIX_ENUM_ID: &'static str = "DefE";
 const PREFIX_UNION_ID: &'static str = "DefU";
 const PREFIX_COMPONENT_ID: &'static str = "DefC";
 const PREFIX_FUNCTION_ID: &'static str = "DefF";
 const PREFIX_STMT_ID: &'static str = "Stmt";
 const PREFIX_BLOCK_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SBl ";
 const PREFIX_ENDBLOCK_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SEBl";
 const PREFIX_LOCAL_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SLoc";
 const PREFIX_MEM_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SMem";
 const PREFIX_CHANNEL_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SCha";
 const PREFIX_SKIP_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SSki";
 const PREFIX_LABELED_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SLab";
 const PREFIX_IF_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SIf ";
 const PREFIX_ENDIF_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SEIf";
 const PREFIX_WHILE_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SWhi";
 const PREFIX_ENDWHILE_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SEWh";
 const PREFIX_BREAK_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SBre";
 const PREFIX_CONTINUE_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SCon";
 const PREFIX_SYNC_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SSyn";
 const PREFIX_ENDSYNC_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SESy";
 const PREFIX_FORK_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SFrk";
 const PREFIX_END_FORK_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SEFk";
 const PREFIX_SELECT_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SSel";
 const PREFIX_END_SELECT_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SESl";
 const PREFIX_RETURN_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SRet";
 const PREFIX_ASSERT_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SAsr";
 const PREFIX_GOTO_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SGot";
 const PREFIX_NEW_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SNew";
 const PREFIX_PUT_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SPut";
 const PREFIX_EXPR_STMT_ID: &'static str = "SExp";
 const PREFIX_ASSIGNMENT_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "EAsi";
 const PREFIX_BINDING_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "EBnd";
 const PREFIX_CONDITIONAL_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "ECnd";
 const PREFIX_BINARY_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "EBin";
 const PREFIX_UNARY_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "EUna";
 const PREFIX_INDEXING_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "EIdx";
 const PREFIX_SLICING_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "ESli";
 const PREFIX_SELECT_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "ESel";
 const PREFIX_LITERAL_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "ELit";
 const PREFIX_CAST_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "ECas";
 const PREFIX_CALL_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "ECll";
 const PREFIX_VARIABLE_EXPR_ID: &'static str = "EVar";
 struct KV<'a> {
     buffer: &'a mut String,
     prefix: Option<(&'static str, i32)>,
     indent: usize,
     temp_key: &'a mut String,
     temp_val: &'a mut String,
+}
 impl<'a> KV<'a> {
     fn new(buffer: &'a mut String, temp_key: &'a mut String, temp_val: &'a mut String, indent: usize) -> Self {
         temp_key.clear();
         temp_val.clear();
         KV{
             buffer,
             prefix: None,
             indent,
             temp_key,
             temp_val
+        }
+    }
     fn with_id(mut self, prefix: &'static str, id: i32) -> Self {
         self.prefix = Some((prefix, id));
         self
+    }
     fn with_s_key(self, key: &str) -> Self {
         self.temp_key.push_str(key);
         self
+    }
     fn with_d_key<D: Display>(self, key: &D) -> Self {
         self.temp_key.push_str(&key.to_string());
         self
+    }
     fn with_s_val(self, val: &str) -> Self {
         self.temp_val.push_str(val);
         self
+    }
     fn with_disp_val<D: Display>(self, val: &D) -> Self {
         self.temp_val.push_str(&format!("{}", val));
         self
+    }
     fn with_debug_val<D: Debug>(self, val: &D) -> Self {
         self.temp_val.push_str(&format!("{:?}", val));
         self
+    }
     fn with_identifier_val(self, val: &Identifier) -> Self {
         self.temp_val.push_str(val.value.as_str());
         self
+    }
     fn with_opt_disp_val<D: Display>(self, val: Option<&D>) -> Self {
         match val {
             Some(v) => { self.temp_val.push_str(&format!("Some({})", v)); },
             None => { self.temp_val.push_str("None"); }
+        }
         self
+    }
     fn with_opt_identifier_val(self, val: Option<&Identifier>) -> Self {
         match val {
             Some(v) => {
                 self.temp_val.push_str("Some(");
                 self.temp_val.push_str(v.value.as_str());
                 self.temp_val.push(')');
             },
             None => {
                 self.temp_val.push_str("None");
+            }
+        }
         self
+    }
     fn with_custom_val<F: Fn(&mut String)>(mut self, val_fn: F) -> Self {
         val_fn(&mut self.temp_val);
         self
+    }
+}
 impl<'a> Drop for KV<'a> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
         // Prefix and indent
         if let Some((prefix, id)) = &self.prefix {
             self.buffer.push_str(&format!("{}[{:04}]", prefix, id));
         } else {
             self.buffer.push_str("           ");
+        }
         for _ in 0..self.indent * INDENT {
             self.buffer.push(' ');
+        }
         // Leading dash
         self.buffer.push_str("- ");
         // Key and value
         self.buffer.push_str(self.temp_key);
         if self.temp_val.is_empty() {
             self.buffer.push(':');
         } else {
             self.buffer.push_str(": ");
             self.buffer.push_str(&self.temp_val);
+        }
         self.buffer.push('\n');
+    }
+}
 pub(crate) struct ASTWriter {
     cur_definition: Option<DefinitionId>,
     buffer: String,
     temp1: String,
     temp2: String,
+}
 impl ASTWriter {
     pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
         Self{
             cur_definition: None,
             buffer: String::with_capacity(4096),
             temp1: String::with_capacity(256),
             temp2: String::with_capacity(256),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn write_ast<W: IOWrite>(&mut self, w: &mut W, heap: &Heap) {
         for root_id in heap.protocol_descriptions.iter().map(|v| v.this) {
             self.write_module(heap, root_id);
             w.write_all(self.buffer.as_bytes()).expect("flush buffer");
             self.buffer.clear();
+        }
+    }
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Top-level module writing
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     fn write_module(&mut self, heap: &Heap, root_id: RootId) {
         self.kv(0).with_id(PREFIX_ROOT_ID, root_id.index)
             .with_s_key("Module");
         let root = &heap[root_id];
         self.kv(1).with_s_key("Pragmas");
         for pragma_id in &root.pragmas {
             self.write_pragma(heap, *pragma_id, 2);
+        }
         self.kv(1).with_s_key("Imports");
         for import_id in &root.imports {
             self.write_import(heap, *import_id, 2);
+        }
         self.kv(1).with_s_key("Definitions");
         for def_id in &root.definitions {
             self.write_definition(heap, *def_id, 2);
+        }
+    }
     fn write_pragma(&mut self, heap: &Heap, pragma_id: PragmaId, indent: usize) {
         match &heap[pragma_id] {
             Pragma::Version(pragma) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_PRAGMA_ID, pragma.this.index)
                     .with_s_key("PragmaVersion")
                     .with_disp_val(&pragma.version);
             },
             Pragma::Module(pragma) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_PRAGMA_ID, pragma.this.index)
                     .with_s_key("PragmaModule")
                     .with_identifier_val(&pragma.value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
     fn write_import(&mut self, heap: &Heap, import_id: ImportId, indent: usize) {
         let import = &heap[import_id];
         let indent2 = indent + 1;
         match import {
             Import::Module(import) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_IMPORT_ID, import.this.index)
                     .with_s_key("ImportModule");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Name").with_identifier_val(&import.module);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Alias").with_identifier_val(&import.alias);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Target").with_disp_val(&import.module_id.index);
             },
             Import::Symbols(import) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_IMPORT_ID, import.this.index)
                     .with_s_key("ImportSymbol");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Name").with_identifier_val(&import.module);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Target").with_disp_val(&import.module_id.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Symbols");
                 let indent3 = indent2 + 1;
                 let indent4 = indent3 + 1;
                 for symbol in &import.symbols {
                     self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("AliasedSymbol");
                     self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Name").with_identifier_val(&symbol.name);
                     self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Alias").with_opt_identifier_val(symbol.alias.as_ref());
                     self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Definition").with_disp_val(&symbol.definition_id.index);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Top-level definition writing
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     fn write_definition(&mut self, heap: &Heap, def_id: DefinitionId, indent: usize) {
         self.cur_definition = Some(def_id);
         let indent2 = indent + 1;
         let indent3 = indent2 + 1;
         let indent4 = indent3 + 1;
         match &heap[def_id] {
             Definition::Struct(def) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_STRUCT_ID, def.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("DefinitionStruct");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Name").with_identifier_val(&def.identifier);
                 for poly_var_id in &def.poly_vars {
                     self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("PolyVar").with_identifier_val(&poly_var_id);
+                }
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Fields");
                 for field in &def.fields {
                     self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Field");
                     self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Name")
                         .with_identifier_val(&field.field);
                     self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Type")
                         .with_custom_val(|s| write_parser_type(s, heap, &field.parser_type));
+                }
             },
             Definition::Enum(def) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_ENUM_ID, def.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("DefinitionEnum");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Name").with_identifier_val(&def.identifier);
                 for poly_var_id in &def.poly_vars {
                     self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("PolyVar").with_identifier_val(&poly_var_id);
+                }
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Variants");
                 for variant in &def.variants {
                     self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Variant");
                     self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Name")
                         .with_identifier_val(&variant.identifier);
                     let variant_value = self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Value");
                     match &variant.value {
                         EnumVariantValue::None => variant_value.with_s_val("None"),
                         EnumVariantValue::Integer(value) => variant_value.with_disp_val(value),
                     };
+                }
             },
             Definition::Union(def) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_UNION_ID, def.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("DefinitionUnion");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Name").with_identifier_val(&def.identifier);
                 for poly_var_id in &def.poly_vars {
                     self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("PolyVar").with_identifier_val(&poly_var_id);
+                }
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Variants");
                 for variant in &def.variants {
                     self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Variant");
                     self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Name")
                         .with_identifier_val(&variant.identifier);
                     if variant.value.is_empty() {
                         self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Value").with_s_val("None");
                     } else {
                         self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Values");
                         for embedded in &variant.value {
                             self.kv(indent4+1).with_s_key("Value")
                                 .with_custom_val(|v| write_parser_type(v, heap, embedded));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
             Definition::Procedure(def) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_FUNCTION_ID, def.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("DefinitionFunction");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Name").with_identifier_val(&def.identifier);
                 for poly_var_id in &def.poly_vars {
                     self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("PolyVar").with_identifier_val(&poly_var_id);
+                }
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Kind").with_debug_val(&def.kind);
                 if let Some(parser_type) = &def.return_type {
                     self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("ReturnParserType")
                         .with_custom_val(|s| write_parser_type(s, heap, parser_type));
+                }
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parameters");
                 for variable_id in &def.parameters {
                     self.write_variable(heap, *variable_id, indent3);
+                }
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Body");
                 self.write_stmt(heap, def.body.upcast(), indent3);
                 if def.source.is_builtin() {
                     self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Body").with_s_val("Builtin");
                 } else {
                     self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Body");
                     self.write_stmt(heap, def.body.upcast(), indent3);
+                }
             },
+        }
+    }
     fn write_stmt(&mut self, heap: &Heap, stmt_id: StatementId, indent: usize) {
         let stmt = &heap[stmt_id];
         let indent2 = indent + 1;
         let indent3 = indent2 + 1;
         match stmt {
             Statement::Block(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_BLOCK_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("Block");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("EndBlockID").with_disp_val(&stmt.end_block.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("ScopeID").with_disp_val(&stmt.scope.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Statements");
                 for stmt_id in &stmt.statements {
                     self.write_stmt(heap, *stmt_id, indent3);
+                }
             },
             Statement::EndBlock(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_ENDBLOCK_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("EndBlock");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("StartBlockID").with_disp_val(&stmt.start_block.0.index);
+            }
             Statement::Local(stmt) => {
                 match stmt {
                     LocalStatement::Channel(stmt) => {
                         self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_CHANNEL_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.0.index)
                             .with_s_key("LocalChannel");
                         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("From");
                         self.write_variable(heap, stmt.from, indent3);
                         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("To");
                         self.write_variable(heap, stmt.to, indent3);
                         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Next").with_disp_val(&stmt.next.index);
                     },
                     LocalStatement::Memory(stmt) => {
                         self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_MEM_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.0.index)
                             .with_s_key("LocalMemory");
                         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Variable");
                         self.write_variable(heap, stmt.variable, indent3);
                         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("InitialValue");
                         self.write_expr(heap, stmt.initial_expr.upcast(), indent3);
                         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Next").with_disp_val(&stmt.next.index);
+                    }
+                }
             },
             Statement::Labeled(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_LABELED_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("Labeled");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Label").with_identifier_val(&stmt.label);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Statement");
                 self.write_stmt(heap, stmt.body, indent3);
             },
             Statement::If(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_IF_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("If");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("EndIf").with_disp_val(&stmt.end_if.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Condition");
                 self.write_expr(heap, stmt.test, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TrueBody");
                 self.write_stmt(heap, stmt.true_case.body, indent3);
                 if let Some(false_body) = stmt.false_case {
                     self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("FalseBody");
                     self.write_stmt(heap, false_body.body, indent3);
+                }
             },
             Statement::EndIf(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_ENDIF_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("EndIf");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("StartIf").with_disp_val(&stmt.start_if.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Next").with_disp_val(&stmt.next.index);
             },
             Statement::While(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_WHILE_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("While");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("EndWhile").with_disp_val(&stmt.end_while.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("InSync")
                     .with_disp_val(&stmt.in_sync.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Condition");
                 self.write_expr(heap, stmt.test, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Body");
                 self.write_stmt(heap, stmt.body, indent3);
             },
             Statement::EndWhile(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_ENDWHILE_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("EndWhile");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("StartWhile").with_disp_val(&stmt.start_while.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Next").with_disp_val(&stmt.next.index);
             },
             Statement::Break(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_BREAK_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("Break");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Label")
                     .with_opt_identifier_val(stmt.label.as_ref());
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Target")
                     .with_disp_val(&stmt.target.0.index);
             },
             Statement::Continue(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_CONTINUE_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("Continue");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Label")
                     .with_opt_identifier_val(stmt.label.as_ref());
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Target")
                     .with_disp_val(&stmt.target.0.index);
             },
             Statement::Synchronous(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_SYNC_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("Synchronous");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("EndSync").with_disp_val(&stmt.end_sync.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Body");
                 self.write_stmt(heap, stmt.body, indent3);
             },
             Statement::EndSynchronous(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_ENDSYNC_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("EndSynchronous");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("StartSync").with_disp_val(&stmt.start_sync.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Next").with_disp_val(&stmt.next.index);
             },
             Statement::Fork(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_FORK_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("Fork");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("EndFork").with_disp_val(&stmt.end_fork.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("LeftBody");
                 self.write_stmt(heap, stmt.left_body, indent3);
                 if let Some(right_body_id) = stmt.right_body {
                     self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("RightBody");
                     self.write_stmt(heap, right_body_id, indent3);
+                }
             },
             Statement::EndFork(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_END_FORK_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("EndFork");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("StartFork").with_disp_val(&stmt.start_fork.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Next").with_disp_val(&stmt.next.index);
             },
             Statement::Select(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_SELECT_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("Select");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("EndSelect").with_disp_val(&stmt.end_select.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Cases");
                 let indent3 = indent2 + 1;
                 let indent4 = indent3 + 1;
                 for case in &stmt.cases {
                     self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Guard");
                     self.write_stmt(heap, case.guard, indent4);
                     self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Block");
                     self.write_stmt(heap, case.body, indent4);
+                }
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Replacement");
                 self.write_stmt(heap, stmt.next, indent3);
             },
             Statement::EndSelect(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_END_SELECT_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("EndSelect");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("StartSelect").with_disp_val(&stmt.start_select.0.index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Next").with_disp_val(&stmt.next.index);
+            }
             Statement::Return(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_RETURN_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("Return");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Expressions");
                 for expr_id in &stmt.expressions {
                     self.write_expr(heap, *expr_id, indent3);
+                }
             },
             Statement::Goto(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_GOTO_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("Goto");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Label").with_identifier_val(&stmt.label);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Target")
                     .with_disp_val(&stmt.target.0.index);
             },
             Statement::New(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_NEW_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("New");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Expression");
                 self.write_expr(heap, stmt.expression.upcast(), indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Next").with_disp_val(&stmt.next.index);
             },
             Statement::Expression(stmt) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_EXPR_STMT_ID, stmt.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("ExpressionStatement");
                 self.write_expr(heap, stmt.expression, indent2);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Next").with_disp_val(&stmt.next.index);
+            }
+        }
+    }
     fn write_expr(&mut self, heap: &Heap, expr_id: ExpressionId, indent: usize) {
         let expr = &heap[expr_id];
         let indent2 = indent + 1;
         let indent3 = indent2 + 1;
         match expr {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_ASSIGNMENT_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("AssignmentExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Operation").with_debug_val(&expr.operation);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Left");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.left, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Right");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.right, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
             },
             Expression::Binding(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_BINARY_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("BindingExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("BindToExpression");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.bound_to, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("BindFromExpression");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.bound_from, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
             },
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_CONDITIONAL_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("ConditionalExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Condition");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.test, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TrueExpression");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.true_expression, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("FalseExpression");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.false_expression, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
             },
             Expression::Binary(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_BINARY_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("BinaryExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Operation").with_debug_val(&expr.operation);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Left");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.left, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Right");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.right, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
             },
             Expression::Unary(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_UNARY_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("UnaryExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Operation").with_debug_val(&expr.operation);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Argument");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.expression, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
             },
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_INDEXING_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("IndexingExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Subject");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.subject, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Index");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.index, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
             },
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_SLICING_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("SlicingExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Subject");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.subject, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("FromIndex");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.from_index, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("ToIndex");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.to_index, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
             },
             Expression::Select(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_SELECT_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("SelectExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Subject");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.subject, indent3);
                 match &expr.kind {
                     SelectKind::StructField(field_name) => {
                         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("StructField").with_identifier_val(field_name);
                     },
                     SelectKind::TupleMember(member_index) => {
                         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TupleMember").with_disp_val(member_index);
                     },
+                }
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
             },
             Expression::Literal(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_LITERAL_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("LiteralExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 let val = self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Value");
                 match &expr.value {
                     Literal::Null => { val.with_s_val("null"); },
                     Literal::True => { val.with_s_val("true"); },
                     Literal::False => { val.with_s_val("false"); },
                     Literal::Character(data) => { val.with_disp_val(data); },
                     Literal::Bytestring(bytes) => {
                         // Bytestrings are ASCII, so just convert back
                         let string = String::from_utf8_lossy(bytes.as_slice());
                         val.with_disp_val(&string);
                     },
                     Literal::String(data) => {
                         // Stupid hack
                         let string = String::from(data.as_str());
                         val.with_disp_val(&string);
                     },
                     Literal::Integer(data) => { val.with_debug_val(data); },
                     Literal::Struct(data) => {
                         val.with_s_val("Struct");
                         let indent4 = indent3 + 1;
                         self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("ParserType")
                             .with_custom_val(|t| write_parser_type(t, heap, &data.parser_type));
                         self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Definition").with_disp_val(&data.definition.index);
                         for field in &data.fields {
                             self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Field");
                             self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Name").with_identifier_val(&field.identifier);
                             self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("Index").with_disp_val(&field.field_idx);
                             self.kv(indent4).with_s_key("ParserType");
                             self.write_expr(heap, field.value, indent4 + 1);
+                        }
                     },
                     Literal::Enum(data) => {
                         val.with_s_val("Enum");
                         self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("ParserType")
                             .with_custom_val(|t| write_parser_type(t, heap, &data.parser_type));
                         self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Definition").with_disp_val(&data.definition.index);
                         self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("VariantIdx").with_disp_val(&data.variant_idx);
                     },
                     Literal::Union(data) => {
                         val.with_s_val("Union");
                         let indent4 = indent3 + 1;
                         self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("ParserType")
                             .with_custom_val(|t| write_parser_type(t, heap, &data.parser_type));
                         self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Definition").with_disp_val(&data.definition.index);
                         self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("VariantIdx").with_disp_val(&data.variant_idx);
                         for value in &data.values {
                             self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Value");
                             self.write_expr(heap, *value, indent4);
+                        }
                     },
                     Literal::Array(data) => {
                         val.with_s_val("Array");
                         let indent4 = indent3 + 1;
                         self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Elements");
                         for expr_id in data {
                             self.write_expr(heap, *expr_id, indent4);
+                        }
                     },
                     Literal::Tuple(data) => {
                         val.with_s_val("Tuple");
                         let indent4 = indent3 + 1;
                         self.kv(indent3).with_s_key("Elements");
                         for expr_id in data {
                             self.write_expr(heap, *expr_id, indent4);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
             },
             Expression::Cast(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_CAST_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("CallExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("ToType")
                     .with_custom_val(|t| write_parser_type(t, heap, &expr.to_type));
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Subject");
                 self.write_expr(heap, expr.subject, indent3);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
+            }
             Expression::Call(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_CALL_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("CallExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Method").with_debug_val(&expr.method);
                 if !expr.procedure.is_invalid() {
                     let definition = &heap[expr.procedure];
-                    self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("BuiltIn").with_disp_val(&definition.builtin);
+                    self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Source").with_debug_val(&definition.source);
                     self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Variant").with_debug_val(&definition.kind);
                     self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("MethodName").with_identifier_val(&definition.identifier);
                     self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("ParserType")
                         .with_custom_val(|t| write_parser_type(t, heap, &expr.parser_type));
+                }
                 // Arguments
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Arguments");
                 for arg_id in &expr.arguments {
                     self.write_expr(heap, *arg_id, indent3);
+                }
                 // Parent
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
             },
             Expression::Variable(expr) => {
                 self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_VARIABLE_EXPR_ID, expr.this.0.index)
                     .with_s_key("VariableExpr");
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("TypeIndex").with_disp_val(&expr.type_index);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Name").with_identifier_val(&expr.identifier);
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Definition")
                     .with_opt_disp_val(expr.declaration.as_ref().map(|v| &v.index));
                 self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Parent")
                     .with_custom_val(|v| write_expression_parent(v, &expr.parent));
+            }
+        }
+    }
     fn write_variable(&mut self, heap: &Heap, variable_id: VariableId, indent: usize) {
         let var = &heap[variable_id];
         let indent2 = indent + 1;
         self.kv(indent).with_id(PREFIX_VARIABLE_ID, variable_id.index)
             .with_s_key("Variable");
         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Name").with_identifier_val(&var.identifier);
         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("Kind").with_debug_val(&var.kind);
         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("ParserType")
             .with_custom_val(|w| write_parser_type(w, heap, &var.parser_type));
         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("RelativePos").with_disp_val(&var.relative_pos_in_parent);
         self.kv(indent2).with_s_key("UniqueScopeID").with_disp_val(&var.unique_id_in_scope);
+    }
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Printing Utilities
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     fn kv(&mut self, indent: usize) -> KV {
         KV::new(&mut self.buffer, &mut self.temp1, &mut self.temp2, indent)
+    }
     fn flush<W: IOWrite>(&mut self, w: &mut W) {
         w.write(self.buffer.as_bytes()).unwrap();
         self.buffer.clear()
+    }
+}
 fn write_option<V: Display>(target: &mut String, value: Option<V>) {
     target.clear();
     match &value {
         Some(v) => target.push_str(&format!("Some({})", v)),
         None => target.push_str("None")
     };
+}
 fn write_parser_type(target: &mut String, heap: &Heap, t: &ParserType) {
     use ParserTypeVariant as PTV;
     if t.elements.is_empty() {
         target.push_str("no elements in ParserType (can happen due to compiler-inserted AST nodes)");
         return;
+    }
     fn write_element(target: &mut String, heap: &Heap, t: &ParserType, mut element_idx: usize) -> usize {
         let element = &t.elements[element_idx];
         match &element.variant {
             PTV::Void => target.push_str("void"),
             PTV::InputOrOutput => {
                 target.push_str("portlike<");
                 element_idx = write_element(target, heap, t, element_idx + 1);
                 target.push('>');
             },
             PTV::ArrayLike => {
                 element_idx = write_element(target, heap, t, element_idx + 1);
                 target.push_str("[???]");
             },
             PTV::IntegerLike => target.push_str("integerlike"),
             PTV::Message => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_MESSAGE_STR); },
             PTV::Bool => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_BOOL_STR); },
             PTV::UInt8 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT8_STR); },
             PTV::UInt16 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT16_STR); },
             PTV::UInt32 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT32_STR); },
             PTV::UInt64 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT64_STR); },
             PTV::SInt8 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT8_STR); },
             PTV::SInt16 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT16_STR); },
             PTV::SInt32 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT32_STR); },
             PTV::SInt64 => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT64_STR); },
             PTV::Character => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_CHAR_STR); },
             PTV::String => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_STRING_STR); },
             PTV::IntegerLiteral => { target.push_str("int_literal"); },
             PTV::Inferred => { target.push_str(KW_TYPE_INFERRED_STR); },
             PTV::Array => {
                 element_idx = write_element(target, heap, t, element_idx + 1);
                 target.push_str("[]");
             },
             PTV::Input => {
                 target.push_str(KW_TYPE_IN_PORT_STR);
                 target.push('<');
                 element_idx = write_element(target, heap, t, element_idx + 1);
                 target.push('>');
             },
             PTV::Output => {
                 target.push_str(KW_TYPE_OUT_PORT_STR);
                 target.push('<');
                 element_idx = write_element(target, heap, t, element_idx + 1);
                 target.push('>');
             },
             PTV::Tuple(num_embedded) => {
                 target.push('(');
                 let num_embedded = *num_embedded;
                 for embedded_idx in 0..num_embedded {
                     if embedded_idx != 0 {
                         target.push(',');
+                    }
                     element_idx = write_element(target, heap, t, element_idx + 1);
+                }
                 target.push(')');
+            }
             PTV::PolymorphicArgument(definition_id, arg_idx) => {
                 let definition = &heap[*definition_id];
                 let poly_var = &definition.poly_vars()[*arg_idx as usize].value;
                 target.push_str(poly_var.as_str());
             },
             PTV::Definition(definition_id, num_embedded) => {
                 let definition = &heap[*definition_id];
                 let definition_ident = definition.identifier().value.as_str();
                 target.push_str(definition_ident);
                 let num_embedded = *num_embedded;
                 if num_embedded != 0 {
                     target.push('<');
                     for embedded_idx in 0..num_embedded {
                         if embedded_idx != 0 {
                             target.push(',');
+                        }
                         element_idx = write_element(target, heap, t, element_idx + 1);
+                    }
                     target.push('>');
+                }
+            }
+        }
         element_idx
+    }
     write_element(target, heap, t, 0);
+}
 fn write_concrete_type(target: &mut String, heap: &Heap, def_id: DefinitionId, t: &ConcreteType) {
     use ConcreteTypePart as CTP;
     fn write_concrete_part(target: &mut String, heap: &Heap, def_id: DefinitionId, t: &ConcreteType, mut idx: usize) -> usize {
         if idx >= t.parts.len() {
             return idx;
+        }
         match &t.parts[idx] {
             CTP::Void => target.push_str("void"),
             CTP::Message => target.push_str("msg"),
             CTP::Bool => target.push_str(KW_TYPE_BOOL_STR),
             CTP::UInt8 => target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT8_STR),
             CTP::UInt16 => target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT16_STR),
             CTP::UInt32 => target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT32_STR),
             CTP::UInt64 => target.push_str(KW_TYPE_UINT64_STR),
             CTP::SInt8 => target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT8_STR),
             CTP::SInt16 => target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT16_STR),
             CTP::SInt32 => target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT32_STR),
             CTP::SInt64 => target.push_str(KW_TYPE_SINT64_STR),
             CTP::Character => target.push_str(KW_TYPE_CHAR_STR),
             CTP::String => target.push_str(KW_TYPE_STRING_STR),
             CTP::Pointer => target.push('*'),
             CTP::Array => {
                 idx = write_concrete_part(target, heap, def_id, t, idx + 1);
                 target.push_str("[]");
             },
             CTP::Slice => {
                 idx = write_concrete_part(target, heap, def_id, t, idx + 1);
                 target.push_str("[..]");
+            }
             CTP::Input => {
                 target.push_str("in<");
                 idx = write_concrete_part(target, heap, def_id, t, idx + 1);
                 target.push('>');
             },
             CTP::Output => {
                 target.push_str("out<");
                 idx = write_concrete_part(target, heap, def_id, t, idx + 1);
                 target.push('>')
             },
             CTP::Tuple(num_embedded) => {
                 target.push('(');
                 for idx_embedded in 0..*num_embedded {
                     if idx_embedded != 0 {
                         target.push_str(", ");
+                    }
                     idx = write_concrete_part(target, heap, def_id, t, idx + 1);
+                }
                 target.push(')');
             },
             CTP::Instance(definition_id, num_embedded) => {
                 let identifier = heap[*definition_id].identifier();
                 target.push_str(identifier.value.as_str());
                 target.push('<');
                 for idx_embedded in 0..*num_embedded {
                     if idx_embedded != 0 {
                         target.push_str(", ");
+                    }
                     idx = write_concrete_part(target, heap, def_id, t, idx + 1);
+                }
                 target.push('>');
             },
             CTP::Function(_, _) => todo!("AST printer for ConcreteTypePart::Function"),
             CTP::Component(_, _) => todo!("AST printer for ConcreteTypePart::Component"),
+        }
         idx + 1
+    }
     write_concrete_part(target, heap, def_id, t, 0);
+}
 fn write_expression_parent(target: &mut String, parent: &ExpressionParent) {
     use ExpressionParent as EP;
     *target = match parent {
         EP::None => String::from("None"),
         EP::Memory(id) => format!("MemStmt({})", id.0.0.index),
         EP::If(id) => format!("IfStmt({})", id.0.index),
         EP::While(id) => format!("WhileStmt({})", id.0.index),
         EP::Return(id) => format!("ReturnStmt({})", id.0.index),
         EP::New(id) => format!("NewStmt({})", id.0.index),
         EP::ExpressionStmt(id) => format!("ExprStmt({})", id.0.index),
         EP::Expression(id, idx) => format!("Expr({}, {})", id.index, idx)
     };
+}
@@ \ No newline at end of file @@

src/protocol/eval/executor.rs

➞

Show inline comments

 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use super::value::*;
 use super::store::*;
 use super::error::*;
 use crate::protocol::*;
 use crate::protocol::ast::*;
 use crate::protocol::type_table::*;
 macro_rules! debug_enabled { () => { false }; }
 macro_rules! debug_log {
     ($format:literal) => {
         enabled_debug_print!(false, "exec", $format);
     };
     ($format:literal, $($args:expr),*) => {
         enabled_debug_print!(false, "exec", $format, $($args),*);
     };
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(crate) enum ExprInstruction {
     EvalExpr(ExpressionId),
     PushValToFront,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub(crate) struct Frame {
     pub(crate) definition: ProcedureDefinitionId,
     pub(crate) monomorph_index: usize,
     pub(crate) position: StatementId,
     pub(crate) expr_stack: VecDeque<ExprInstruction>, // hack for expression evaluation, evaluated by popping from back
     pub(crate) expr_values: VecDeque<Value>, // hack for expression results, evaluated by popping from front/back
     pub(crate) max_stack_size: u32,
+}
 impl Frame {
     /// Creates a new execution frame. Does not modify the stack in any way.
     pub fn new(heap: &Heap, definition_id: ProcedureDefinitionId, _monomorph_type_id: TypeId, monomorph_index: u32) -> Self {
         let definition = &heap[definition_id];
         let outer_scope_id = definition.scope;
         let first_statement_id = definition.body;
         // Another not-so-pretty thing that has to be replaced somewhere in the
         // future...
         fn determine_max_stack_size(heap: &Heap, scope_id: ScopeId, max_size: &mut u32) {
             let scope = &heap[scope_id];
             // Check current block
             let cur_size = scope.next_unique_id_in_scope as u32;
             if cur_size > *max_size { *max_size = cur_size; }
             // And child blocks
             for child_scope in &scope.nested {
                 determine_max_stack_size(heap, *child_scope, max_size);
+            }
+        }
         let mut max_stack_size = 0;
         determine_max_stack_size(heap, outer_scope_id, &mut max_stack_size);
         Frame{
             definition: definition_id,
             monomorph_index: monomorph_index as usize,
             position: first_statement_id.upcast(),
             expr_stack: VecDeque::with_capacity(128),
             expr_values: VecDeque::with_capacity(128),
             max_stack_size,
+        }
+    }
     /// Prepares a single expression for execution. This involves walking the
     /// expression tree and putting them in the `expr_stack` such that
     /// continuously popping from its back will evaluate the expression. The
     /// results of each expression will be stored by pushing onto `expr_values`.
     pub fn prepare_single_expression(&mut self, heap: &Heap, expr_id: ExpressionId) {
         debug_assert!(self.expr_stack.is_empty());
         self.expr_values.clear(); // May not be empty if last expression result(s) were discarded
         self.serialize_expression(heap, expr_id);
+    }
     /// Prepares multiple expressions for execution (i.e. evaluating all
     /// function arguments or all elements of an array/union literal). Per
     /// expression this works the same as `prepare_single_expression`. However
     /// after each expression is evaluated we insert a `PushValToFront`
     /// instruction
     pub fn prepare_multiple_expressions(&mut self, heap: &Heap, expr_ids: &[ExpressionId]) {
         debug_assert!(self.expr_stack.is_empty());
         self.expr_values.clear();
         for expr_id in expr_ids {
             self.expr_stack.push_back(ExprInstruction::PushValToFront);
             self.serialize_expression(heap, *expr_id);
+        }
+    }
     /// Performs depth-first serialization of expression tree. Let's not care
     /// about performance for a temporary runtime implementation
     fn serialize_expression(&mut self, heap: &Heap, id: ExpressionId) {
         self.expr_stack.push_back(ExprInstruction::EvalExpr(id));
         match &heap[id] {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => {
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.left);
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.right);
             },
             Expression::Binding(expr) => {
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.bound_to);
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.bound_from);
             },
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => {
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.test);
             },
             Expression::Binary(expr) => {
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.left);
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.right);
             },
             Expression::Unary(expr) => {
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.expression);
             },
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => {
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.index);
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.subject);
             },
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => {
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.from_index);
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.to_index);
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.subject);
             },
             Expression::Select(expr) => {
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.subject);
             },
             Expression::Literal(expr) => {
                 // Here we only care about literals that have subexpressions
                 match &expr.value {
                     Literal::Null | Literal::True | Literal::False |
                     Literal::Character(_) | Literal::String(_) |
+                    Literal::Character(_) | Literal::Bytestring(_) | Literal::String(_) |
                     Literal::Integer(_) | Literal::Enum(_) => {
                         // No subexpressions
                     },
                     Literal::Struct(literal) => {
                         // Note: fields expressions are evaluated in programmer-
                         // specified order. But struct construction expects them
                         // in type-defined order. I might want to come back to
                         // this.
                         let mut _num_pushed = 0;
                         for want_field_idx in 0..literal.fields.len() {
                             for field in &literal.fields {
                                 if field.field_idx == want_field_idx {
                                     _num_pushed += 1;
                                     self.expr_stack.push_back(ExprInstruction::PushValToFront);
                                     self.serialize_expression(heap, field.value);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
                         debug_assert_eq!(_num_pushed, literal.fields.len())
                     },
                     Literal::Union(literal) => {
                         for value_expr_id in &literal.values {
                             self.expr_stack.push_back(ExprInstruction::PushValToFront);
                             self.serialize_expression(heap, *value_expr_id);
+                        }
                     },
                     Literal::Array(value_expr_ids) => {
                         for value_expr_id in value_expr_ids {
                             self.expr_stack.push_back(ExprInstruction::PushValToFront);
                             self.serialize_expression(heap, *value_expr_id);
+                        }
                     },
                     Literal::Tuple(value_expr_ids) => {
                         for value_expr_id in value_expr_ids {
                             self.expr_stack.push_back(ExprInstruction::PushValToFront);
                             self.serialize_expression(heap, *value_expr_id);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             },
             Expression::Cast(expr) => {
                 self.serialize_expression(heap, expr.subject);
+            }
             Expression::Call(expr) => {
                 for arg_expr_id in &expr.arguments {
                     self.expr_stack.push_back(ExprInstruction::PushValToFront);
                     self.serialize_expression(heap, *arg_expr_id);
+                }
             },
             Expression::Variable(_expr) => {
                 // No subexpressions
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
 pub type EvalResult = Result<EvalContinuation, EvalError>;
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum EvalContinuation {
     // Returned in both sync and non-sync modes
     Stepping,
     // Returned only in sync mode
     BranchInconsistent,
     SyncBlockEnd,
     NewFork,
     BlockFires(PortId),
     BlockGet(PortId),
     Put(PortId, ValueGroup),
     SelectStart(u32, u32), // (num_cases, num_ports_total)
     SelectRegisterPort(u32, u32, PortId), // (case_index, port_index_in_case, port_id)
     SelectWait, // wait until select can continue
     // Returned only in non-sync mode
     ComponentTerminated,
     SyncBlockStart,
     NewComponent(ProcedureDefinitionId, TypeId, ValueGroup),
     NewChannel,
+}
 // Note: cloning is fine, methinks. cloning all values and the heap regions then
 // we end up with valid "pointers" to heap regions.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct Prompt {
     pub(crate) frames: Vec<Frame>,
     pub(crate) store: Store,
+}
 impl Prompt {
     pub fn new(types: &TypeTable, heap: &Heap, def: ProcedureDefinitionId, type_id: TypeId, args: ValueGroup) -> Self {
         let mut prompt = Self{
             frames: Vec::new(),
             store: Store::new(),
         };
         // Maybe do typechecking in the future?
         let monomorph_index = types.get_monomorph(type_id).variant.as_procedure().monomorph_index;
         let new_frame = Frame::new(heap, def, type_id, monomorph_index);
         let max_stack_size = new_frame.max_stack_size;
         prompt.frames.push(new_frame);
         args.into_store(&mut prompt.store);
         prompt.store.reserve_stack(max_stack_size);
         prompt
+    }
     /// Big 'ol function right here. Didn't want to break it up unnecessarily.
     /// It consists of, in sequence: executing any expressions that should be
     /// executed before the next statement can be evaluated, then a section that
     /// performs debug printing, and finally a section that takes the next
     /// statement and executes it. If the statement requires any expressions to
     /// be evaluated, then they will be added such that the next time `step` is
     /// called, all of these expressions are indeed evaluated.
     pub(crate) fn step(&mut self, types: &TypeTable, heap: &Heap, modules: &[Module], ctx: &mut impl RunContext) -> EvalResult {
         // Helper function to transfer multiple values from the expression value
         // array into a heap region (e.g. constructing arrays or structs).
         fn transfer_expression_values_front_into_heap(cur_frame: &mut Frame, store: &mut Store, num_values: usize) -> HeapPos {
             let heap_pos = store.alloc_heap();
             // Do the transformation first (because Rust...)
             for val_idx in 0..num_values {
                 cur_frame.expr_values[val_idx] = store.read_take_ownership(cur_frame.expr_values[val_idx].clone());
+            }
             // And now transfer to the heap region
             let values = &mut store.heap_regions[heap_pos as usize].values;
             debug_assert!(values.is_empty());
             values.reserve(num_values);
             for _ in 0..num_values {
                 values.push(cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap());
+            }
             heap_pos
+        }
         // Helper function to make sure that an index into an aray is valid.
         fn array_inclusive_index_is_invalid(store: &Store, array_heap_pos: u32, idx: i64) -> bool {
             let array_len = store.heap_regions[array_heap_pos as usize].values.len();
             return idx < 0 || idx >= array_len as i64;
+        }
         fn array_exclusive_index_is_invalid(store: &Store, array_heap_pos: u32, idx: i64) -> bool {
             let array_len = store.heap_regions[array_heap_pos as usize].values.len();
             return idx < 0 || idx > array_len as i64;
+        }
         fn construct_array_error(prompt: &Prompt, modules: &[Module], heap: &Heap, expr_id: ExpressionId, heap_pos: u32, idx: i64) -> EvalError {
             let array_len = prompt.store.heap_regions[heap_pos as usize].values.len();
             return EvalError::new_error_at_expr(
                 prompt, modules, heap, expr_id,
                 format!("index {} is out of bounds: array length is {}", idx, array_len)
+            )
+        }
         // Checking if we're at the end of execution
         let cur_frame = self.frames.last_mut().unwrap();
         if cur_frame.position.is_invalid() {
             if heap[cur_frame.definition].kind == ProcedureKind::Function {
                 todo!("End of function without return, return an evaluation error");
+            }
             return Ok(EvalContinuation::ComponentTerminated);
+        }
         debug_log!("Taking step in '{}'", heap[cur_frame.definition].identifier.value.as_str());
         // Execute all pending expressions
         while !cur_frame.expr_stack.is_empty() {
             let next = cur_frame.expr_stack.pop_back().unwrap();
             debug_log!("Expr stack: {:?}", next);
             match next {
                 ExprInstruction::PushValToFront => {
                     cur_frame.expr_values.rotate_right(1);
                 },
                 ExprInstruction::EvalExpr(expr_id) => {
                     let expr = &heap[expr_id];
                     match expr {
                         Expression::Assignment(expr) => {
                             let to = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap().as_ref();
                             let rhs = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             // Note: although not pretty, the assignment operator takes ownership
                             // of the right-hand side value when possible. So we do not drop the
                             // rhs's optionally owned heap data.
                             let rhs = self.store.read_take_ownership(rhs);
                             apply_assignment_operator(&mut self.store, to, expr.operation, rhs);
                         },
                         Expression::Binding(_expr) => {
                             let bind_to = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             let bind_from = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             let bind_to_heap_pos = bind_to.get_heap_pos();
                             let bind_from_heap_pos = bind_from.get_heap_pos();
                             let result = apply_binding_operator(&mut self.store, bind_to, bind_from);
                             self.store.drop_value(bind_to_heap_pos);
                             self.store.drop_value(bind_from_heap_pos);
                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(Value::Bool(result));
                         },
                         Expression::Conditional(expr) => {
                             // Evaluate testing expression, then extend the
                             // expression stack with the appropriate expression
                             let test_result = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap().as_bool();
                             if test_result {
                                 cur_frame.serialize_expression(heap, expr.true_expression);
                             } else {
                                 cur_frame.serialize_expression(heap, expr.false_expression);
+                            }
                         },
                         Expression::Binary(expr) => {
                             let lhs = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             let rhs = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             let result = apply_binary_operator(&mut self.store, &lhs, expr.operation, &rhs);
                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(result);
                             self.store.drop_value(lhs.get_heap_pos());
                             self.store.drop_value(rhs.get_heap_pos());
                         },
                         Expression::Unary(expr) => {
                             let val = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             let result = apply_unary_operator(&mut self.store, expr.operation, &val);
                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(result);
                             self.store.drop_value(val.get_heap_pos());
                         },
                         Expression::Indexing(_expr) => {
                             // Evaluate index. Never heap allocated so we do
                             // not have to drop it.
                             let index = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             let index = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&index);
                             debug_assert!(index.is_integer());
                             let index = if index.is_signed_integer() {
                                 index.as_signed_integer() as i64
                             } else {
                                 index.as_unsigned_integer() as i64
                             };
                             let subject = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             let (deallocate_heap_pos, value_to_push) = match subject {
                                 Value::Ref(value_ref) => {
                                     // Our expression stack value is a reference to something that
                                     // exists in the normal stack/heap. We don't want to deallocate
                                     // this thing. Rather we want to return a reference to it.
                                     let subject = self.store.read_ref(value_ref);
                                     let subject_heap_pos = match subject {
                                         Value::String(v) => *v,
                                         Value::Array(v) => *v,
                                         Value::Message(v) => *v,
                                         _ => unreachable!(),
                                     };
                                     if array_inclusive_index_is_invalid(&self.store, subject_heap_pos, index) {
                                         return Err(construct_array_error(self, modules, heap, expr_id, subject_heap_pos, index));
+                                    }
                                     (None, Value::Ref(ValueId::Heap(subject_heap_pos, index as u32)))
                                 },
                                 _ => {
                                     // Our value lives on the expression stack, hence we need to
                                     // clone whatever we're referring to. Then drop the subject.
                                     let subject_heap_pos = match &subject {
                                         Value::String(v) => *v,
                                         Value::Array(v) => *v,
                                         Value::Message(v) => *v,
                                         _ => unreachable!(),
                                     };
                                     if array_inclusive_index_is_invalid(&self.store, subject_heap_pos, index) {
                                         return Err(construct_array_error(self, modules, heap, expr_id, subject_heap_pos, index));
+                                    }
                                     let subject_indexed = Value::Ref(ValueId::Heap(subject_heap_pos, index as u32));
                                     (Some(subject_heap_pos), self.store.clone_value(subject_indexed))
                                 },
                             };
                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(value_to_push);
                             self.store.drop_value(deallocate_heap_pos);
                         },
                         Expression::Slicing(expr) => {
                             // Evaluate indices
                             let from_index = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             let from_index = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&from_index);
                             let to_index = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             let to_index = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&to_index);
                             debug_assert!(from_index.is_integer() && to_index.is_integer());
                             let from_index = if from_index.is_signed_integer() {
                                 from_index.as_signed_integer()
                             } else {
                                 from_index.as_unsigned_integer() as i64
                             };
                             let to_index = if to_index.is_signed_integer() {
                                 to_index.as_signed_integer()
                             } else {
                                 to_index.as_unsigned_integer() as i64
                             };
                             // Dereference subject if needed
                             let subject = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             let deref_subject = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&subject);
                             // Slicing needs to produce a copy anyway (with the
                             // current evaluator implementation)
                             enum ValueKind{ Array, String, Message }
                             let (value_kind, array_heap_pos) = match deref_subject {
                                 Value::Array(v) => (ValueKind::Array, *v),
                                 Value::String(v) => (ValueKind::String, *v),
                                 Value::Message(v) => (ValueKind::Message, *v),
                                 _ => unreachable!()
                             };
                             if array_inclusive_index_is_invalid(&self.store, array_heap_pos, from_index) {
                                 return Err(construct_array_error(self, modules, heap, expr.from_index, array_heap_pos, from_index));
+                            }
                             if array_exclusive_index_is_invalid(&self.store, array_heap_pos, to_index) {
                                 return Err(construct_array_error(self, modules, heap, expr.to_index, array_heap_pos, to_index));
+                            }
                             // Again: would love to push directly, but rust...
                             let new_heap_pos = self.store.alloc_heap();
                             debug_assert!(self.store.heap_regions[new_heap_pos as usize].values.is_empty());
                             if to_index > from_index {
                                 let from_index = from_index as usize;
                                 let to_index = to_index as usize;
                                 let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(to_index - from_index);
                                 for idx in from_index..to_index {
                                     let value = self.store.heap_regions[array_heap_pos as usize].values[idx].clone();
                                     values.push(self.store.clone_value(value));
+                                }
                                 self.store.heap_regions[new_heap_pos as usize].values = values;
                             } // else: empty range
                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(match value_kind {
                                 ValueKind::Array => Value::Array(new_heap_pos),
                                 ValueKind::String => Value::String(new_heap_pos),
                                 ValueKind::Message => Value::Message(new_heap_pos),
                             });
                             // Dropping the original subject, because we don't
                             // want to drop something on the stack
                             self.store.drop_value(subject.get_heap_pos());
                         },
                         Expression::Select(expr) => {
                             let subject= cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             let mono_data = &heap[cur_frame.definition].monomorphs[cur_frame.monomorph_index];
                             let field_idx = mono_data.expr_info[expr.type_index as usize].variant.as_select() as u32;
                             // Note: same as above: clone if value lives on expr stack, simply
                             // refer to it if it already lives on the stack/heap.
                             let (deallocate_heap_pos, value_to_push) = match subject {
                                 Value::Ref(value_ref) => {
                                     let subject = self.store.read_ref(value_ref);
                                     let subject_heap_pos = match expr.kind {
                                         SelectKind::StructField(_) => subject.as_struct(),
                                         SelectKind::TupleMember(_) => subject.as_tuple(),
                                     };
                                     (None, Value::Ref(ValueId::Heap(subject_heap_pos, field_idx)))
                                 },
                                 _ => {
                                     let subject_heap_pos = match expr.kind {
                                         SelectKind::StructField(_) => subject.as_struct(),
                                         SelectKind::TupleMember(_) => subject.as_tuple(),
                                     };
                                     let subject_indexed = Value::Ref(ValueId::Heap(subject_heap_pos, field_idx));
                                     (Some(subject_heap_pos), self.store.clone_value(subject_indexed))
                                 },
                             };
                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(value_to_push);
                             self.store.drop_value(deallocate_heap_pos);
                         },
                         Expression::Literal(expr) => {
                             let value = match &expr.value {
                                 Literal::Null => Value::Null,
                                 Literal::True => Value::Bool(true),
                                 Literal::False => Value::Bool(false),
                                 Literal::Character(lit_value) => Value::Char(*lit_value),
                                 Literal::Bytestring(lit_value) => {
                                     let heap_pos = self.store.alloc_heap();
                                     let values = &mut self.store.heap_regions[heap_pos as usize].values;
                                     debug_assert!(values.is_empty());
                                     values.reserve(lit_value.len());
                                     for byte in lit_value {
                                         values.push(Value::UInt8(*byte));
+                                    }
                                     Value::Array(heap_pos)
+                                }
                                 Literal::String(lit_value) => {
                                     let heap_pos = self.store.alloc_heap();
                                     let values = &mut self.store.heap_regions[heap_pos as usize].values;
                                     let value = lit_value.as_str();
                                     debug_assert!(values.is_empty());
                                     values.reserve(value.len());
                                     for character in value.as_bytes() {
                                         debug_assert!(character.is_ascii());
                                         values.push(Value::Char(*character as char));
+                                    }
                                     Value::String(heap_pos)
+                                }
                                 Literal::Integer(lit_value) => {
                                     use ConcreteTypePart as CTP;
                                     let mono_data = &heap[cur_frame.definition].monomorphs[cur_frame.monomorph_index];
                                     let type_id = mono_data.expr_info[expr.type_index as usize].type_id;
                                     let concrete_type = &types.get_monomorph(type_id).concrete_type;
                                     debug_assert_eq!(concrete_type.parts.len(), 1);
                                     match concrete_type.parts[0] {
                                         CTP::UInt8  => Value::UInt8(lit_value.unsigned_value as u8),
                                         CTP::UInt16 => Value::UInt16(lit_value.unsigned_value as u16),
                                         CTP::UInt32 => Value::UInt32(lit_value.unsigned_value as u32),
                                         CTP::UInt64 => Value::UInt64(lit_value.unsigned_value as u64),
                                         CTP::SInt8  => Value::SInt8(lit_value.unsigned_value as i8),
                                         CTP::SInt16 => Value::SInt16(lit_value.unsigned_value as i16),
                                         CTP::SInt32 => Value::SInt32(lit_value.unsigned_value as i32),
                                         CTP::SInt64 => Value::SInt64(lit_value.unsigned_value as i64),
                                         _ => unreachable!("got concrete type {:?} for integer literal at expr {:?}", concrete_type, expr_id),
+                                    }
+                                }
                                 Literal::Struct(lit_value) => {
                                     let heap_pos = transfer_expression_values_front_into_heap(
                                         cur_frame, &mut self.store, lit_value.fields.len()
                                     );
                                     Value::Struct(heap_pos)
+                                }
                                 Literal::Enum(lit_value) => {
                                     Value::Enum(lit_value.variant_idx as i64)
+                                }
                                 Literal::Union(lit_value) => {
                                     let heap_pos = transfer_expression_values_front_into_heap(
                                         cur_frame, &mut self.store, lit_value.values.len()
                                     );
                                     Value::Union(lit_value.variant_idx as i64, heap_pos)
+                                }
                                 Literal::Array(lit_value) => {
                                     let heap_pos = transfer_expression_values_front_into_heap(
                                         cur_frame, &mut self.store, lit_value.len()
                                     );
                                     Value::Array(heap_pos)
+                                }
                                 Literal::Tuple(lit_value) => {
                                     let heap_pos = transfer_expression_values_front_into_heap(
                                         cur_frame, &mut self.store, lit_value.len()
                                     );
                                     Value::Tuple(heap_pos)
+                                }
                             };
                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(value);
                         },
                         Expression::Cast(expr) => {
                             let mono_data = &heap[cur_frame.definition].monomorphs[cur_frame.monomorph_index];
                             let type_id = mono_data.expr_info[expr.type_index as usize].type_id;
                             let concrete_type = &types.get_monomorph(type_id).concrete_type;
                             // Typechecking reduced this to two cases: either we
                             // have casting noop (same types), or we're casting
                             // between integer/bool/char types.
                             let subject = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                             match apply_casting(&mut self.store, concrete_type, &subject) {
                                 Ok(value) => cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(value),
                                 Err(msg) => {
                                     return Err(EvalError::new_error_at_expr(self, modules, heap, expr.this.upcast(), msg));
+                                }
+                            }
                             self.store.drop_value(subject.get_heap_pos());
+                        }
                         Expression::Call(expr) => {
                             // If we're dealing with a builtin we don't do any
                             // fancy shenanigans at all, just push the result.
                             match expr.method {
                                 Method::Get => {
                                     let value = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap();
                                     let value = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&value).clone();
                                     let port_id = if let Value::Input(port_id) = value {
                                         port_id
                                     } else {
                                         unreachable!("executor calling 'get' on value {:?}", value)
                                     };
                                     match ctx.performed_get(port_id) {
                                         Some(result) => {
                                             // We have the result. Merge the `ValueGroup` with the
                                             // stack/heap storage.
                                             debug_assert_eq!(result.values.len(), 1);
                                             result.into_stack(&mut cur_frame.expr_values, &mut self.store);
                                         },
                                         None => {
                                             // Don't have the result yet, prepare the expression to
                                             // get run again after we've received a message.
                                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_front(value.clone());
                                             cur_frame.expr_stack.push_back(ExprInstruction::EvalExpr(expr_id));
                                             return Ok(EvalContinuation::BlockGet(port_id));
+                                        }
+                                    }
                                 },
                                 Method::Put => {
                                     let port_value = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap();
                                     let deref_port_value = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&port_value).clone();
                                     let port_id = if let Value::Output(port_id) = deref_port_value {
                                         port_id
                                     } else {
                                         unreachable!("executor calling 'put' on value {:?}", deref_port_value)
                                     };
                                     let msg_value = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap();
                                     let deref_msg_value = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&msg_value).clone();
                                     if ctx.performed_put(port_id) {
                                         // We're fine, deallocate in case the expression value stack
                                         // held an owned value
                                         self.store.drop_value(msg_value.get_heap_pos());
                                     } else {
                                         // Prepare to execute again
                                         cur_frame.expr_values.push_front(msg_value);
                                         cur_frame.expr_values.push_front(port_value);
                                         cur_frame.expr_stack.push_back(ExprInstruction::EvalExpr(expr_id));
                                         let value_group = ValueGroup::from_store(&self.store, &[deref_msg_value]);
                                         return Ok(EvalContinuation::Put(port_id, value_group));
+                                    }
                                 },
                                 Method::Fires => {
                                     let port_value = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap();
                                     let port_value_deref = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&port_value).clone();
                                     let port_id = port_value_deref.as_port_id();
                                     match ctx.fires(port_id) {
                                         None => {
                                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_front(port_value);
                                             cur_frame.expr_stack.push_back(ExprInstruction::EvalExpr(expr_id));
                                             return Ok(EvalContinuation::BlockFires(port_id));
                                         },
                                         Some(value) => {
                                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(value);
+                                        }
+                                    }
                                 },
                                 Method::Create => {
                                     let length_value = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap();
                                     let length_value = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&length_value);
                                     let length = if length_value.is_signed_integer() {
                                         let length_value = length_value.as_signed_integer();
                                         if length_value < 0 {
                                             return Err(EvalError::new_error_at_expr(
                                                 self, modules, heap, expr_id,
                                                 format!("got length '{}', can only create a message with a non-negative length", length_value)
                                             ));
+                                        }
                                         length_value as u64
                                     } else {
                                         debug_assert!(length_value.is_unsigned_integer());
                                         length_value.as_unsigned_integer()
                                     };
                                     let heap_pos = self.store.alloc_heap();
                                     let values = &mut self.store.heap_regions[heap_pos as usize].values;
                                     debug_assert!(values.is_empty());
                                     values.resize(length as usize, Value::UInt8(0));
                                     cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(Value::Message(heap_pos));
                                 },
                                 Method::Length => {
                                     let value = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap();
                                     let value_heap_pos = value.get_heap_pos();
                                     let value = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&value);
                                     let heap_pos = match value {
                                         Value::Array(pos) => *pos,
                                         Value::String(pos) => *pos,
                                         _ => unreachable!("length(...) on {:?}", value),
                                     };
                                     let len = self.store.heap_regions[heap_pos as usize].values.len();
                                     // TODO: @PtrInt
                                     cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(Value::UInt32(len as u32));
                                     self.store.drop_value(value_heap_pos);
                                 },
                                 Method::Assert => {
                                     let value = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap();
                                     let value = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&value).clone();
                                     if !value.as_bool() {
                                         return Ok(EvalContinuation::BranchInconsistent)
+                                    }
                                 },
                                 Method::Print => {
                                     // Convert the runtime-variant of a string
                                     // into an actual string.
                                     let value = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap();
                                     let mut is_literal_string = value.get_heap_pos().is_some();
                                     let value = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&value);
                                     let value_heap_pos = value.as_string();
                                     let elements = &self.store.heap_regions[value_heap_pos as usize].values;
                                     let mut message = String::with_capacity(elements.len());
                                     for element in elements {
                                         message.push(element.as_char());
+                                    }
                                     // Drop the heap-allocated value from the
                                     // store
                                     self.store.drop_heap_pos(value_heap_pos);
                                     if is_literal_string {
                                         self.store.drop_heap_pos(value_heap_pos);
+                                    }
                                     println!("{}", message);
                                 },
                                 Method::SelectStart => {
                                     let num_cases = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap()).as_uint32();
                                     let num_ports = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap()).as_uint32();
                                     return Ok(EvalContinuation::SelectStart(num_cases, num_ports));
                                 },
                                 Method::SelectRegisterCasePort => {
                                     let case_index = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap()).as_uint32();
                                     let port_index = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap()).as_uint32();
                                     let port_value = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap()).as_port_id();
                                     return Ok(EvalContinuation::SelectRegisterPort(case_index, port_index, port_value));
                                 },
                                 Method::SelectWait => {
                                     match ctx.performed_select_wait() {
                                         Some(select_index) => {
                                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(Value::UInt32(select_index));
                                         },
                                         None => {
                                             cur_frame.expr_stack.push_back(ExprInstruction::EvalExpr(expr.this.upcast()));
                                             return Ok(EvalContinuation::SelectWait)
                                         },
+                                    }
                                 },
                                 Method::ComponentRandomU32 | Method::ComponentTcpClient => {
                                     debug_assert_eq!(heap[expr.procedure].parameters.len(), cur_frame.expr_values.len());
                                     debug_assert_eq!(heap[cur_frame.position].as_new().expression, expr.this);
                                 },
                                 Method::UserComponent => {
                                     // This is actually handled by the evaluation
                                     // of the statement.
                                     debug_assert_eq!(heap[expr.procedure].parameters.len(), cur_frame.expr_values.len());
                                     debug_assert_eq!(heap[cur_frame.position].as_new().expression, expr.this)
+                                    debug_assert_eq!(heap[cur_frame.position].as_new().expression, expr.this);
                                 },
                                 Method::UserFunction => {
                                     // Push a new frame. Note that all expressions have
                                     // been pushed to the front, so they're in the order
                                     // of the definition.
                                     let num_args = expr.arguments.len();
                                     // Determine stack boundaries
                                     let cur_stack_boundary = self.store.cur_stack_boundary;
                                     let new_stack_boundary = self.store.stack.len();
                                     // Push new boundary and function arguments for new frame
                                     self.store.stack.push(Value::PrevStackBoundary(cur_stack_boundary as isize));
                                     for _ in 0..num_args {
                                         let argument = self.store.read_take_ownership(cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front().unwrap());
                                         self.store.stack.push(argument);
+                                    }
                                     // Determine the monomorph index of the function we're calling
                                     let mono_data = &heap[cur_frame.definition].monomorphs[cur_frame.monomorph_index];
                                     let (type_id, monomorph_index) = mono_data.expr_info[expr.type_index as usize].variant.as_procedure();
                                     // Push the new frame and reserve its stack size
                                     let new_frame = Frame::new(heap, expr.procedure, type_id, monomorph_index);
                                     let new_stack_size = new_frame.max_stack_size;
                                     self.frames.push(new_frame);
                                     self.store.cur_stack_boundary = new_stack_boundary;
                                     self.store.reserve_stack(new_stack_size);
                                     // To simplify the logic a little bit we will now
                                     // return and ask our caller to call us again
                                     return Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping);
+                                }
+                            }
                         },
                         Expression::Variable(expr) => {
                             let variable = &heap[expr.declaration.unwrap()];
                             let ref_value = if expr.used_as_binding_target {
                                 Value::Binding(variable.unique_id_in_scope as StackPos)
                             } else {
                                 Value::Ref(ValueId::Stack(variable.unique_id_in_scope as StackPos))
                             };
                             cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(ref_value);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
         debug_log!("Frame [{:?}] at {:?}", cur_frame.definition, cur_frame.position);
         if debug_enabled!() {
             debug_log!("Expression value stack (size = {}):", cur_frame.expr_values.len());
             for (_stack_idx, _stack_val) in cur_frame.expr_values.iter().enumerate() {
                 debug_log!("  [{:03}] {:?}", _stack_idx, _stack_val);
+            }
             debug_log!("Stack (size = {}):", self.store.stack.len());
             for (_stack_idx, _stack_val) in self.store.stack.iter().enumerate() {
                 debug_log!("  [{:03}] {:?}", _stack_idx, _stack_val);
+            }
             debug_log!("Heap:");
             for (_heap_idx, _heap_region) in self.store.heap_regions.iter().enumerate() {
                 let _is_free = self.store.free_regions.iter().any(|idx| *idx as usize == _heap_idx);
                 debug_log!("  [{:03}] in_use: {}, len: {}, vals: {:?}", _heap_idx, !_is_free, _heap_region.values.len(), &_heap_region.values);
+            }
+        }
         // No (more) expressions to evaluate. So evaluate statement (that may
         // depend on the result on the last evaluated expression(s))
         let stmt = &heap[cur_frame.position];
         let return_value = match stmt {
             Statement::Block(stmt) => {
                 debug_assert!(stmt.statements.is_empty() || stmt.next == stmt.statements[0]);
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::EndBlock(stmt) => {
                 let block = &heap[stmt.start_block];
                 let scope = &heap[block.scope];
                 self.store.clear_stack(scope.first_unique_id_in_scope as usize);
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::Local(stmt) => {
                 match stmt {
                     LocalStatement::Memory(stmt) => {
                         dbg_code!({
                             let variable = &heap[stmt.variable];
                             debug_assert!(match self.store.read_ref(ValueId::Stack(variable.unique_id_in_scope as u32)) {
                                 Value::Unassigned => false,
                                 _ => true,
                             });
                         });
                         cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                         Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
                     },
                     LocalStatement::Channel(stmt) => {
                         // Need to create a new channel by requesting it from
                         // the runtime.
                         match ctx.created_channel() {
                             None => {
                                 // No channel is pending. So request one
                                     Ok(EvalContinuation::NewChannel)
                             },
                             Some((put_port, get_port)) => {
                                 self.store.write(ValueId::Stack(heap[stmt.from].unique_id_in_scope as u32), put_port);
                                 self.store.write(ValueId::Stack(heap[stmt.to].unique_id_in_scope as u32), get_port);
                                 cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             },
             Statement::Labeled(stmt) => {
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.body;
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::If(stmt) => {
                 debug_assert_eq!(cur_frame.expr_values.len(), 1, "expected one expr value for if statement");
                 let test_value = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                 let test_value = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&test_value).as_bool();
                 if test_value {
                     cur_frame.position = stmt.true_case.body;
                 } else if let Some(false_body) = stmt.false_case {
                     cur_frame.position = false_body.body;
                 } else {
                     // Not true, and no false body
                     cur_frame.position = stmt.end_if.upcast();
+                }
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::EndIf(stmt) => {
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                 let if_stmt = &heap[stmt.start_if];
                 debug_assert_eq!(
                     heap[if_stmt.true_case.scope].first_unique_id_in_scope,
                     heap[if_stmt.false_case.unwrap_or(if_stmt.true_case).scope].first_unique_id_in_scope,
                 );
                 let scope = &heap[if_stmt.true_case.scope];
                 self.store.clear_stack(scope.first_unique_id_in_scope as usize);
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::While(stmt) => {
                 debug_assert_eq!(cur_frame.expr_values.len(), 1, "expected one expr value for while statement");
                 let test_value = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                 let test_value = self.store.maybe_read_ref(&test_value).as_bool();
                 if test_value {
                     cur_frame.position = stmt.body;
                 } else {
                     cur_frame.position = stmt.end_while.upcast();
+                }
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::EndWhile(stmt) => {
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                 let start_while = &heap[stmt.start_while];
                 let scope = &heap[start_while.scope];
                 self.store.clear_stack(scope.first_unique_id_in_scope as usize);
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::Break(stmt) => {
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.target.upcast();
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::Continue(stmt) => {
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.target.upcast();
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::Synchronous(stmt) => {
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.body;
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::SyncBlockStart)
             },
             Statement::EndSynchronous(stmt) => {
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                 let start_synchronous = &heap[stmt.start_sync];
                 let scope = &heap[start_synchronous.scope];
                 self.store.clear_stack(scope.first_unique_id_in_scope as usize);
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::SyncBlockEnd)
             },
             Statement::Fork(stmt) => {
                 if stmt.right_body.is_none() {
                     // No reason to fork
                     cur_frame.position = stmt.left_body;
                 } else {
                     // Need to fork
                     if let Some(go_left) = ctx.performed_fork() {
                         // Runtime has created a fork
                         if go_left {
                             cur_frame.position = stmt.left_body;
                         } else {
                             cur_frame.position = stmt.right_body.unwrap();
+                        }
                     } else {
                         // Request the runtime to create a fork of the current
                         // branch
                         return Ok(EvalContinuation::NewFork);
+                    }
+                }
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::EndFork(stmt) => {
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::Select(stmt) => {
                 // This is a trampoline for the statements that were placed by
                 // the AST transformation pass
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::EndSelect(stmt) => {
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                 let start_select = &heap[stmt.start_select];
                 if let Some(select_case) = start_select.cases.first() {
                     let scope = &heap[select_case.scope];
                     self.store.clear_stack(scope.first_unique_id_in_scope as usize);
+                }
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::Return(_stmt) => {
                 debug_assert_eq!(cur_frame.expr_values.len(), 1, "expected one expr value for return statement");
                 // The preceding frame has executed a call, so is expecting the
                 // return expression on its expression value stack. Note that
                 // we may be returning a reference to something on our stack,
                 // so we need to read that value and clone it.
                 let return_value = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_back().unwrap();
                 let return_value = match return_value {
                     Value::Ref(value_id) => self.store.read_copy(value_id),
                     _ => return_value,
                 };
                 // Pre-emptively pop our stack frame
                 self.frames.pop();
                 // Clean up our section of the stack
                 self.store.clear_stack(0);
                 self.store.stack.truncate(self.store.cur_stack_boundary + 1);
                 let prev_stack_idx = self.store.stack.pop().unwrap().as_stack_boundary();
                 // TODO: Temporary hack for testing, remove at some point
                 if self.frames.is_empty() {
                     debug_assert!(prev_stack_idx == -1);
                     debug_assert!(self.store.stack.len() == 0);
                     self.store.stack.push(return_value);
                     return Ok(EvalContinuation::ComponentTerminated);
+                }
                 debug_assert!(prev_stack_idx >= 0);
                 // Return to original state of stack frame
                 self.store.cur_stack_boundary = prev_stack_idx as usize;
                 let cur_frame = self.frames.last_mut().unwrap();
                 cur_frame.expr_values.push_back(return_value);
                 // We just returned to the previous frame, which might be in
                 // the middle of evaluating expressions for a particular
                 // statement. So we don't want to enter the code below.
                 return Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping);
             },
             Statement::Goto(stmt) => {
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.target.upcast();
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
             Statement::New(stmt) => {
                 let call_expr = &heap[stmt.expression];
                 debug_assert_eq!(
                     cur_frame.expr_values.len(), heap[call_expr.procedure].parameters.len(),
                     "mismatch in expr stack size and number of arguments for new statement"
                 );
                 let mono_data = &heap[cur_frame.definition].monomorphs[cur_frame.monomorph_index];
                 let type_id = mono_data.expr_info[call_expr.type_index as usize].variant.as_procedure().0;
                 // Note that due to expression value evaluation they exist in
                 // reverse order on the stack.
                 // TODO: Revise this code, keep it as is to be compatible with current runtime
                 let mut args = Vec::new();
                 while let Some(value) = cur_frame.expr_values.pop_front() {
                     args.push(value);
+                }
                 // Construct argument group, thereby copying heap regions
                 let argument_group = ValueGroup::from_store(&self.store, &args);
                 // Clear any heap regions
                 for arg in &args {
                     self.store.drop_value(arg.get_heap_pos());
+                }
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::NewComponent(call_expr.procedure, type_id, argument_group))
             },
             Statement::Expression(stmt) => {
                 // The expression has just been completely evaluated. Some
                 // values might have remained on the expression value stack.
                 // cur_frame.expr_values.clear(); PROPER CLEARING
                 cur_frame.position = stmt.next;
                 Ok(EvalContinuation::Stepping)
             },
         };
         assert!(
             cur_frame.expr_values.is_empty(),
             "This is a debugging assertion that will fail if you perform expressions without \
             assigning to anything. This should be completely valid, and this assertion should be \
             replaced by something that clears the expression values if needed, but I'll keep this \
             in for now for debugging purposes."
         );
         // If the next statement requires evaluating expressions then we push
         // these onto the expression stack. This way we will evaluate this
         // stack in the next loop, then evaluate the statement using the result
         // from the expression evaluation.
         if !cur_frame.position.is_invalid() {
             let stmt = &heap[cur_frame.position];
             match stmt {
                 Statement::Local(stmt) => {
                     if let LocalStatement::Memory(stmt) = stmt {
                         // Setup as unassigned, when we execute the memory
                         // statement (after evaluating expression), it should no
                         // longer be `Unassigned`.
                         let variable = &heap[stmt.variable];
                         self.store.write(ValueId::Stack(variable.unique_id_in_scope as u32), Value::Unassigned);
                         cur_frame.prepare_single_expression(heap, stmt.initial_expr.upcast());
+                    }
                 },
                 Statement::If(stmt) => cur_frame.prepare_single_expression(heap, stmt.test),
                 Statement::While(stmt) => cur_frame.prepare_single_expression(heap, stmt.test),
                 Statement::Return(stmt) => {
                     debug_assert_eq!(stmt.expressions.len(), 1); // TODO: @ReturnValues
                     cur_frame.prepare_single_expression(heap, stmt.expressions[0]);
                 },
                 Statement::New(stmt) => {
                     // Note that we will end up not evaluating the call itself.
                     // Rather we will evaluate its expressions and then
                     // instantiate the component upon reaching the "new" stmt.
                     let call_expr = &heap[stmt.expression];
                     cur_frame.prepare_multiple_expressions(heap, &call_expr.arguments);
                 },
                 Statement::Expression(stmt) => {
                     cur_frame.prepare_single_expression(heap, stmt.expression);
+                }
                 _ => {},
+            }
+        }
         return_value
+    }
     /// Constructs an error at the current expression that lives at the top of
     /// the expression stack. Falls back to constructing an error at the current
     /// statement if there is no expression.
     pub(crate) fn new_error_at_expr(&self, modules: &[Module], heap: &Heap, error_message: String) -> EvalError {
         let last_frame = self.frames.last().unwrap();
         for instruction in last_frame.expr_stack.iter().rev() {
             if let ExprInstruction::EvalExpr(expression_id) = instruction {
                 return EvalError::new_error_at_expr(
                     self, modules, heap, *expression_id, error_message
                 );
+            }
+        }
         // If here then expression stack was empty (cannot have just rotate
         // instructions)
         panic!("attempted to construct evaluation error without any expressions to evaluate in frame");
+    }
+}
@@ \ No newline at end of file @@

src/protocol/eval/value.rs

➞

Show inline comments

 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use super::store::*;
 use crate::protocol::ast::{
     AssignmentOperator,
     BinaryOperator,
     UnaryOperator,
     ConcreteType,
     ConcreteTypePart,
 };
 use crate::protocol::parser::token_parsing::*;
 pub type StackPos = u32;
 pub type HeapPos = u32;
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum ValueId {
     Stack(StackPos), // place on stack
     Heap(HeapPos, u32), // allocated region + values within that region
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct PortId{
     pub(crate) id: u32
+}
 impl PortId {
     pub fn new(id: u32) -> Self {
         return Self{ id };
+    }
+}
 /// Represents a value stored on the stack or on the heap. Some values contain
 /// a `HeapPos`, implying that they're stored in the store's `Heap`. Clearing
 /// a `Value` with a `HeapPos` from a stack must also clear the associated
 /// region from the `Heap`.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum Value {
     // Special types, never encountered during evaluation if the compiler works correctly
     Unassigned,                 // Marker when variables are first declared, immediately followed by assignment
     PrevStackBoundary(isize),   // Marker for stack frame beginning, so we can pop stack values
     Ref(ValueId),               // Reference to a value, used by expressions producing references
     Binding(StackPos),          // Reference to a binding variable (reserved on the stack)
     // Builtin types
     Input(PortId),
     Output(PortId),
     Message(HeapPos),
     Null,
     Bool(bool),
     Char(char),
     String(HeapPos),
     UInt8(u8),
     UInt16(u16),
     UInt32(u32),
     UInt64(u64),
     SInt8(i8),
     SInt16(i16),
     SInt32(i32),
     SInt64(i64),
     Array(HeapPos),
     Tuple(HeapPos),
     // Instances of user-defined types
     Enum(i64),
     Union(i64, HeapPos),
     Struct(HeapPos),
+}
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_stack_boundary, isize, Value::PrevStackBoundary);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_ref, ValueId, Value::Ref);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_input, PortId, Value::Input);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_output, PortId, Value::Output);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_message, HeapPos, Value::Message);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_bool, bool, Value::Bool);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_char, char, Value::Char);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_string, HeapPos, Value::String);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_uint8, u8, Value::UInt8);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_uint16, u16, Value::UInt16);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_uint32, u32, Value::UInt32);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_uint64, u64, Value::UInt64);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_sint8, i8, Value::SInt8);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_sint16, i16, Value::SInt16);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_sint32, i32, Value::SInt32);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_sint64, i64, Value::SInt64);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_array, HeapPos, Value::Array);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_tuple, HeapPos, Value::Tuple);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_enum, i64, Value::Enum);
 union_cast_to_value_method_impl!(as_struct, HeapPos, Value::Struct);
 impl Value {
     pub(crate) fn as_union(&self) -> (i64, HeapPos) {
         match self {
             Value::Union(tag, v) => (*tag, *v),
             _ => panic!("called as_union on {:?}", self),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_port_id(&self) -> PortId {
         match self {
             Value::Input(v) => *v,
             Value::Output(v) => *v,
             _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn is_integer(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Value::UInt8(_) | Value::UInt16(_) | Value::UInt32(_) | Value::UInt64(_) |
             Value::SInt8(_) | Value::SInt16(_) | Value::SInt32(_) | Value::SInt64(_) => true,
             _ => false
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn is_unsigned_integer(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Value::UInt8(_) | Value::UInt16(_) | Value::UInt32(_) | Value::UInt64(_) => true,
             _ => false
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn is_signed_integer(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Value::SInt8(_) | Value::SInt16(_) | Value::SInt32(_) | Value::SInt64(_) => true,
             _ => false
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_unsigned_integer(&self) -> u64 {
         match self {
             Value::UInt8(v)  => *v as u64,
             Value::UInt16(v) => *v as u64,
             Value::UInt32(v) => *v as u64,
             Value::UInt64(v) => *v as u64,
             _ => unreachable!("called as_unsigned_integer on {:?}", self),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_signed_integer(&self) -> i64 {
         match self {
             Value::SInt8(v)  => *v as i64,
             Value::SInt16(v) => *v as i64,
             Value::SInt32(v) => *v as i64,
             Value::SInt64(v) => *v as i64,
             _ => unreachable!("called as_signed_integer on {:?}", self)
+        }
+    }
     /// Returns the heap position associated with the value. If the value
     /// doesn't store anything in the heap then we return `None`.
     pub(crate) fn get_heap_pos(&self) -> Option<HeapPos> {
         match self {
             Value::Message(v) => Some(*v),
             Value::String(v) => Some(*v),
             Value::Array(v) => Some(*v),
             Value::Tuple(v) => Some(*v),
             Value::Union(_, v) => Some(*v),
             Value::Struct(v) => Some(*v),
             _ => None
+        }
+    }
+}
 /// When providing arguments to a new component, or when transferring values
 /// from one component's store to a newly instantiated component, one has to
 /// transfer stack and heap values. This `ValueGroup` represents such a
 /// temporary group of values with potential heap allocations.
 ///
 /// Constructing such a ValueGroup manually requires some extra care to make
 /// sure all elements of `values` point to valid elements of `regions`.
 ///
 /// Again: this is a temporary thing, hopefully removed once we move to a
 /// bytecode interpreter.
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct ValueGroup {
     pub(crate) values: Vec<Value>,
     pub(crate) regions: Vec<Vec<Value>>
+}
 impl ValueGroup {
     pub(crate) fn new_stack(values: Vec<Value>) -> Self {
         debug_assert!(values.iter().all(|v| v.get_heap_pos().is_none()));
         Self{
             values,
             regions: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn from_store(store: &Store, values: &[Value]) -> Self {
         let mut group = ValueGroup{
             values: Vec::with_capacity(values.len()),
             regions: Vec::with_capacity(values.len()), // estimation
         };
         for value in values {
             let transferred = group.retrieve_value(value, store);
             group.values.push(transferred);
+        }
         group
+    }
     /// Creates a clone of the value group, but leaves the memory inside of the
     /// ValueGroup vectors allocated.
     pub(crate) fn take(&mut self) -> ValueGroup {
         let cloned = self.clone();
         self.values.clear();
         self.regions.clear();
         return cloned;
+    }
     /// Transfers a provided value from a store into a local value with its
     /// heap allocations (if any) stored in the ValueGroup. Calling this
     /// function will not store the returned value in the `values` member.
     fn retrieve_value(&mut self, value: &Value, from_store: &Store) -> Value {
         let value = from_store.maybe_read_ref(value);
         if let Some(heap_pos) = value.get_heap_pos() {
             // Value points to a heap allocation, so transfer the heap values
             // internally.
             let from_region = &from_store.heap_regions[heap_pos as usize].values;
             let mut new_region = Vec::with_capacity(from_region.len());
             for value in from_region {
                 let transferred = self.retrieve_value(value, from_store);
                 new_region.push(transferred);
+            }
             // Region is constructed, store internally and return the new value.
             let new_region_idx = self.regions.len() as HeapPos;
             self.regions.push(new_region);
             return match value {
                 Value::Message(_)    => Value::Message(new_region_idx),
                 Value::String(_)     => Value::String(new_region_idx),
                 Value::Array(_)      => Value::Array(new_region_idx),
                 Value::Tuple(_)      => Value::Tuple(new_region_idx),
                 Value::Union(tag, _) => Value::Union(*tag, new_region_idx),
                 Value::Struct(_)     => Value::Struct(new_region_idx),
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             };
         } else {
             return value.clone();
+        }
+    }
     /// Transfers the heap values and the stack values into the store. Stack
     /// values are pushed onto the Store's stack in the order in which they
     /// appear in the value group.
     pub(crate) fn into_store(self, store: &mut Store) {
         for value in &self.values {
             let transferred = self.provide_value(value, store);
             store.stack.push(transferred);
+        }
+    }
     /// Transfers the heap values into the store, but will put the stack values
     /// into the provided `VecDeque`. This is mainly used to merge `ValueGroup`
     /// instances retrieved by the code by `get` calls into the expression
     /// stack.
     pub(crate) fn into_stack(self, stack: &mut VecDeque<Value>, store: &mut Store) {
         for value in &self.values {
             let transferred = self.provide_value(value, store);
             stack.push_back(transferred);
+        }
+    }
     fn provide_value(&self, value: &Value, to_store: &mut Store) -> Value {
         if let Some(from_heap_pos) = value.get_heap_pos() {
             let from_heap_pos = from_heap_pos as usize;
             let to_heap_pos = to_store.alloc_heap();
             let to_heap_pos_usize = to_heap_pos as usize;
             to_store.heap_regions[to_heap_pos_usize].values.reserve(self.regions[from_heap_pos].len());
             for value in &self.regions[from_heap_pos as usize] {
                 let transferred = self.provide_value(value, to_store);
                 to_store.heap_regions[to_heap_pos_usize].values.push(transferred);
+            }
             return match value {
                 Value::Message(_)    => Value::Message(to_heap_pos),
                 Value::String(_)     => Value::String(to_heap_pos),
                 Value::Array(_)      => Value::Array(to_heap_pos),
                 Value::Tuple(_)      => Value::Tuple(to_heap_pos),
                 Value::Union(tag, _) => Value::Union(*tag, to_heap_pos),
                 Value::Struct(_)     => Value::Struct(to_heap_pos),
                 _ => unreachable!(),
             };
         } else {
             return value.clone();
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl Default for ValueGroup {
     /// Returns an empty ValueGroup
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self { values: Vec::new(), regions: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
 enum ValueKind { Message, String, Array }
 pub(crate) fn apply_assignment_operator(store: &mut Store, lhs: ValueId, op: AssignmentOperator, rhs: Value) {
     use AssignmentOperator as AO;
     macro_rules! apply_int_op {
         ($lhs:ident, $assignment_tokens:tt, $operator:ident, $rhs:ident) => {
             match $lhs {
                 Value::UInt8(v)  => { *v $assignment_tokens $rhs.as_uint8();  },
                 Value::UInt16(v) => { *v $assignment_tokens $rhs.as_uint16(); },
                 Value::UInt32(v) => { *v $assignment_tokens $rhs.as_uint32(); },
                 Value::UInt64(v) => { *v $assignment_tokens $rhs.as_uint64(); },
                 Value::SInt8(v)  => { *v $assignment_tokens $rhs.as_sint8();  },
                 Value::SInt16(v) => { *v $assignment_tokens $rhs.as_sint16(); },
                 Value::SInt32(v) => { *v $assignment_tokens $rhs.as_sint32(); },
                 Value::SInt64(v) => { *v $assignment_tokens $rhs.as_sint64(); },
                 _ => unreachable!("apply_assignment_operator {:?} on lhs {:?} and rhs {:?}", $operator, $lhs, $rhs),
+            }
+        }
+    }
     let lhs = store.read_mut_ref(lhs);
     let mut to_dealloc = None;
     match op {
         AO::Set => {
             match lhs {
                 Value::Unassigned => { *lhs = rhs; },
                 Value::Input(v)  => { *v = rhs.as_input(); },
                 Value::Output(v) => { *v = rhs.as_output(); },
                 Value::Message(v)  => { to_dealloc = Some(*v); *v = rhs.as_message(); },
                 Value::Bool(v)    => { *v = rhs.as_bool(); },
                 Value::Char(v) => { *v = rhs.as_char(); },
                 Value::String(v) => { *v = rhs.as_string().clone(); },
                 Value::UInt8(v) => { *v = rhs.as_uint8(); },
                 Value::UInt16(v) => { *v = rhs.as_uint16(); },
                 Value::UInt32(v) => { *v = rhs.as_uint32(); },
                 Value::UInt64(v) => { *v = rhs.as_uint64(); },
                 Value::SInt8(v) => { *v = rhs.as_sint8(); },
                 Value::SInt16(v) => { *v = rhs.as_sint16(); },
                 Value::SInt32(v) => { *v = rhs.as_sint32(); },
                 Value::SInt64(v) => { *v = rhs.as_sint64(); },
                 Value::Array(v) => { to_dealloc = Some(*v); *v = rhs.as_array(); },
                 Value::Tuple(v) => { to_dealloc = Some(*v); *v = rhs.as_tuple(); },
                 Value::Enum(v) => { *v = rhs.as_enum(); },
                 Value::Union(lhs_tag, lhs_heap_pos) => {
                     to_dealloc = Some(*lhs_heap_pos);
                     let (rhs_tag, rhs_heap_pos) = rhs.as_union();
                     *lhs_tag = rhs_tag;
                     *lhs_heap_pos = rhs_heap_pos;
+                }
                 Value::Struct(v) => { to_dealloc = Some(*v); *v = rhs.as_struct(); },
                 _ => unreachable!("apply_assignment_operator {:?} on lhs {:?} and rhs {:?}", op, lhs, rhs),
+            }
         },
         AO::Concatenated => {
             let lhs_heap_pos = lhs.get_heap_pos().unwrap() as usize;
             let rhs_heap_pos = rhs.get_heap_pos().unwrap() as usize;
             // To prevent borrowing crap, swap out heap region with a temp empty array
             let mut total = Vec::new();
             std::mem::swap(&mut total, &mut store.heap_regions[lhs_heap_pos].values);
             // Push everything onto the swapped vector
             let rhs_len = store.heap_regions[rhs_heap_pos].values.len();
             total.reserve(rhs_len);
             for value_idx in 0..rhs_len {
                 total.push(store.clone_value(store.heap_regions[rhs_heap_pos].values[value_idx].clone()));
+            }
             // Swap back in place
             std::mem::swap(&mut total, &mut store.heap_regions[lhs_heap_pos].values);
             // We took ownership of the RHS, but we copied it into the LHS, so
             // different form assignment we need to drop the RHS heap pos.
             to_dealloc = Some(rhs_heap_pos as u32);
         },
         AO::Multiplied =>   { apply_int_op!(lhs, *=,  op, rhs) },
         AO::Divided =>      { apply_int_op!(lhs, /=,  op, rhs) },
         AO::Remained =>     { apply_int_op!(lhs, %=,  op, rhs) },
         AO::Added =>        { apply_int_op!(lhs, +=,  op, rhs) },
         AO::Subtracted =>   { apply_int_op!(lhs, -=,  op, rhs) },
         AO::ShiftedLeft =>  { apply_int_op!(lhs, <<=, op, rhs) },
         AO::ShiftedRight => { apply_int_op!(lhs, >>=, op, rhs) },
         AO::BitwiseAnded => { apply_int_op!(lhs, &=,  op, rhs) },
         AO::BitwiseXored => { apply_int_op!(lhs, ^=,  op, rhs) },
         AO::BitwiseOred =>  { apply_int_op!(lhs, |=,  op, rhs) },
+    }
     if let Some(heap_pos) = to_dealloc {
         store.drop_heap_pos(heap_pos);
+    }
+}
 pub(crate) fn apply_binary_operator(store: &mut Store, lhs: &Value, op: BinaryOperator, rhs: &Value) -> Value {
     use BinaryOperator as BO;
     macro_rules! apply_int_op_and_return_self {
         ($lhs:ident, $operator_tokens:tt, $operator:ident, $rhs:ident) => {
             return match $lhs {
                 Value::UInt8(v)  => { Value::UInt8( *v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_uint8() ) },
                 Value::UInt16(v) => { Value::UInt16(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_uint16()) },
                 Value::UInt32(v) => { Value::UInt32(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_uint32()) },
                 Value::UInt64(v) => { Value::UInt64(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_uint64()) },
                 Value::SInt8(v)  => { Value::SInt8( *v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_sint8() ) },
                 Value::SInt16(v) => { Value::SInt16(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_sint16()) },
                 Value::SInt32(v) => { Value::SInt32(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_sint32()) },
                 Value::SInt64(v) => { Value::SInt64(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_sint64()) },
                 _ => unreachable!("apply_binary_operator {:?} on lhs {:?} and rhs {:?}", $operator, $lhs, $rhs)
             };
+        }
+    }
     macro_rules! apply_int_op_and_return_bool {
         ($lhs:ident, $operator_tokens:tt, $operator:ident, $rhs:ident) => {
             return match $lhs {
                 Value::UInt8(v)  => { Value::Bool(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_uint8() ) },
                 Value::UInt16(v) => { Value::Bool(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_uint16()) },
                 Value::UInt32(v) => { Value::Bool(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_uint32()) },
                 Value::UInt64(v) => { Value::Bool(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_uint64()) },
                 Value::SInt8(v)  => { Value::Bool(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_sint8() ) },
                 Value::SInt16(v) => { Value::Bool(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_sint16()) },
                 Value::SInt32(v) => { Value::Bool(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_sint32()) },
                 Value::SInt64(v) => { Value::Bool(*v $operator_tokens $rhs.as_sint64()) },
                 _ => unreachable!("apply_binary_operator {:?} on lhs {:?} and rhs {:?}", $operator, $lhs, $rhs)
             };
+        }
+    }
     // We need to handle concatenate in a special way because it needs the store
     // mutably.
     if op == BO::Concatenate {
         let target_heap_pos = store.alloc_heap();
         let lhs_heap_pos;
         let rhs_heap_pos;
         let lhs = store.maybe_read_ref(lhs);
         let rhs = store.maybe_read_ref(rhs);
         let value_kind;
         match lhs {
             Value::Message(lhs_pos) => {
                 lhs_heap_pos = *lhs_pos;
                 rhs_heap_pos = rhs.as_message();
                 value_kind = ValueKind::Message;
             },
             Value::String(lhs_pos) => {
                 lhs_heap_pos = *lhs_pos;
                 rhs_heap_pos = rhs.as_string();
                 value_kind = ValueKind::String;
             },
             Value::Array(lhs_pos) => {
                 lhs_heap_pos = *lhs_pos;
                 rhs_heap_pos = rhs.as_array();
                 value_kind = ValueKind::Array;
             },
             _ => unreachable!("apply_binary_operator {:?} on lhs {:?} and rhs {:?}", op, lhs, rhs)
+        }
         let lhs_heap_pos = lhs_heap_pos as usize;
         let rhs_heap_pos = rhs_heap_pos as usize;
         let mut concatenated = Vec::new();
         let lhs_len = store.heap_regions[lhs_heap_pos].values.len();
         let rhs_len = store.heap_regions[rhs_heap_pos].values.len();
         concatenated.reserve(lhs_len + rhs_len);
         for idx in 0..lhs_len {
             concatenated.push(store.clone_value(store.heap_regions[lhs_heap_pos].values[idx].clone()));
+        }
         for idx in 0..rhs_len {
             concatenated.push(store.clone_value(store.heap_regions[rhs_heap_pos].values[idx].clone()));
+        }
         store.heap_regions[target_heap_pos as usize].values = concatenated;
         return match value_kind{
             ValueKind::Message => Value::Message(target_heap_pos),
             ValueKind::String => Value::String(target_heap_pos),
             ValueKind::Array => Value::Array(target_heap_pos),
         };
+    }
     // If any of the values are references, retrieve the thing they're referring
     // to.
     let lhs = store.maybe_read_ref(lhs);
     let rhs = store.maybe_read_ref(rhs);
     match op {
         BO::Concatenate => unreachable!(),
         BO::LogicalOr => {
             return Value::Bool(lhs.as_bool() || rhs.as_bool());
         },
         BO::LogicalAnd => {
             return Value::Bool(lhs.as_bool() && rhs.as_bool());
         },
         BO::BitwiseOr        => { apply_int_op_and_return_self!(lhs, |,  op, rhs); },
         BO::BitwiseXor       => { apply_int_op_and_return_self!(lhs, ^,  op, rhs); },
         BO::BitwiseAnd       => { apply_int_op_and_return_self!(lhs, &,  op, rhs); },
         BO::Equality         => { Value::Bool(apply_equality_operator(store, lhs, rhs)) },
         BO::Inequality       => { Value::Bool(apply_inequality_operator(store, lhs, rhs)) },
         BO::LessThan         => { apply_int_op_and_return_bool!(lhs, <,  op, rhs); },
         BO::GreaterThan      => { apply_int_op_and_return_bool!(lhs, >,  op, rhs); },
         BO::LessThanEqual    => { apply_int_op_and_return_bool!(lhs, <=, op, rhs); },
         BO::GreaterThanEqual => { apply_int_op_and_return_bool!(lhs, >=, op, rhs); },
         BO::ShiftLeft        => { apply_int_op_and_return_self!(lhs, <<, op, rhs); },
         BO::ShiftRight       => { apply_int_op_and_return_self!(lhs, >>, op, rhs); },
         BO::Add              => { apply_int_op_and_return_self!(lhs, +,  op, rhs); },
         BO::Subtract         => { apply_int_op_and_return_self!(lhs, -,  op, rhs); },
         BO::Multiply         => { apply_int_op_and_return_self!(lhs, *,  op, rhs); },
         BO::Divide           => { apply_int_op_and_return_self!(lhs, /,  op, rhs); },
         BO::Remainder        => { apply_int_op_and_return_self!(lhs, %,  op, rhs); }
+    }
+}
 pub(crate) fn apply_unary_operator(store: &mut Store, op: UnaryOperator, value: &Value) -> Value {
     use UnaryOperator as UO;
     macro_rules! apply_int_expr_and_return {
         ($value:ident, $apply:tt, $op:ident) => {
             return match $value {
                 Value::UInt8(v)  => Value::UInt8($apply *v),
                 Value::UInt16(v) => Value::UInt16($apply *v),
                 Value::UInt32(v) => Value::UInt32($apply *v),
                 Value::UInt64(v) => Value::UInt64($apply *v),
                 Value::SInt8(v)  => Value::SInt8($apply *v),
                 Value::SInt16(v) => Value::SInt16($apply *v),
                 Value::SInt32(v) => Value::SInt32($apply *v),
                 Value::SInt64(v) => Value::SInt64($apply *v),
                 _ => unreachable!("apply_unary_operator {:?} on value {:?}", $op, $value),
+            }
+        }
+    }
     // If the value is a reference, retrieve the thing it is referring to
     let value = store.maybe_read_ref(value);
     match op {
         UO::Positive => {
             debug_assert!(value.is_integer());
             return value.clone();
         },
         UO::Negative => {
             // TODO: Error on negating unsigned integers
             return match value {
                 Value::SInt8(v) => Value::SInt8(-*v),
                 Value::SInt16(v) => Value::SInt16(-*v),
                 Value::SInt32(v) => Value::SInt32(-*v),
                 Value::SInt64(v) => Value::SInt64(-*v),
                 _ => unreachable!("apply_unary_operator {:?} on value {:?}", op, value),
+            }
         },
         UO::BitwiseNot => { apply_int_expr_and_return!(value, !, op); },
         UO::LogicalNot => { return Value::Bool(!value.as_bool()); },
+    }
+}
 pub(crate) fn apply_casting(store: &mut Store, output_type: &ConcreteType, subject: &Value) -> Result<Value, String> {
     // To simplify the casting logic: if the output type is not a simple
     // integer/boolean/character, then the type checker made sure that the two
     // types must be equal, hence we can do a simple clone.
     use ConcreteTypePart as CTP;
     let part = &output_type.parts[0];
     match part {
         CTP::Bool | CTP::Character |
         CTP::UInt8 | CTP::UInt16 | CTP::UInt32 | CTP::UInt64 |
         CTP::SInt8 | CTP::SInt16 | CTP::SInt32 | CTP::SInt64 => {
             // Do the checking of these below
             debug_assert_eq!(output_type.parts.len(), 1);
         },
         _ => {
             return Ok(store.clone_value(subject.clone()));
         },
+    }
     // Note: character is not included, needs per-type checking
     macro_rules! unchecked_cast {
         ($input: expr, $output_part: expr) => {
             return Ok(match $output_part {
                 CTP::UInt8 => Value::UInt8($input as u8),
                 CTP::UInt16 => Value::UInt16($input as u16),
                 CTP::UInt32 => Value::UInt32($input as u32),
                 CTP::UInt64 => Value::UInt64($input as u64),
                 CTP::SInt8 => Value::SInt8($input as i8),
                 CTP::SInt16 => Value::SInt16($input as i16),
                 CTP::SInt32 => Value::SInt32($input as i32),
                 CTP::SInt64 => Value::SInt64($input as i64),
                 _ => unreachable!()
             })
+        }
+    }
     macro_rules! from_unsigned_cast {
         ($input:expr, $input_type:ty, $output_part:expr) => {
+            {
                 let target_type_name = match $output_part {
                     CTP::Bool => return Ok(Value::Bool($input != 0)),
                     CTP::Character => if $input <= u8::MAX as $input_type {
                         return Ok(Value::Char(($input as u8) as char))
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_CHAR_STR
                     },
                     CTP::UInt8 => if $input <= u8::MAX as $input_type {
                         return Ok(Value::UInt8($input as u8))
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_UINT8_STR
                     },
                     CTP::UInt16 => if $input <= u16::MAX as $input_type {
                         return Ok(Value::UInt16($input as u16))
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_UINT16_STR
                     },
                     CTP::UInt32 => if $input <= u32::MAX as $input_type {
                         return Ok(Value::UInt32($input as u32))
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_UINT32_STR
                     },
                     CTP::UInt64 => return Ok(Value::UInt64($input as u64)), // any unsigned int to u64 is fine
                     CTP::SInt8 => if $input <= i8::MAX as $input_type {
                         return Ok(Value::SInt8($input as i8))
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_SINT8_STR
                     },
                     CTP::SInt16 => if $input <= i16::MAX as $input_type {
                         return Ok(Value::SInt16($input as i16))
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_SINT16_STR
                     },
                     CTP::SInt32 => if $input <= i32::MAX as $input_type {
                         return Ok(Value::SInt32($input as i32))
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_SINT32_STR
                     },
                     CTP::SInt64 => if $input <= i64::MAX as $input_type {
                         return Ok(Value::SInt64($input as i64))
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_SINT64_STR
                     },
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 };
                 return Err(format!("value is '{}' which doesn't fit in a type '{}'", $input, target_type_name));
+            }
+        }
+    }
     macro_rules! from_signed_cast {
         // Programmer note: for signed checking we cannot do
         //  output_type::MAX as input_type,
         //
         // because if the output type's width is larger than the input type,
         // then the cast results in a negative number. So we mask with the
         // maximum possible value the input type can become. As in:
         //  (output_type::MAX as input_type) & input_type::MAX
         //
         // This way:
         // 1. output width is larger than input width: fine in all cases, we
         //  simply compare against the max input value, which is always true.
         // 2. output width is equal to input width: by masking we "remove the
         //  signed bit from the unsigned number" and again compare against the
         //  maximum input value.
         // 3. output width is smaller than the input width: masking does nothing
         //  because the signed bit is never set, and we simply compare against
         //  the maximum possible output value.
         //
         // A similar kind of mechanism for the minimum value, but here we do
         // a binary OR. We do a:
         //  (output_type::MIN as input_type) & input_type::MIN
         //
         // This way:
         // 1. output width is larger than input width: initial cast truncates to
         //  0, then we OR with the actual minimum value, so we attain the
         //  minimum value of the input type.
         // 2. output width is equal to input width: we OR the minimum value with
         //  itself.
         // 3. output width is smaller than input width: the cast produces the
         //  min value of the output type, the subsequent OR does nothing, as it
         //  essentially just sets the signed bit (which must already be set,
         //  since we're dealing with a signed minimum value)
         //
         // After all of this expanding, we simply hope the compiler does a best
         // effort constant expression evaluation, and presto!
         ($input:expr, $input_type:ty, $output_type:expr) => {
+            {
                 let target_type_name = match $output_type {
                     CTP::Bool => return Ok(Value::Bool($input != 0)),
                     CTP::Character => if $input >= 0 && $input <= (u8::max as $input_type & <$input_type>::MAX) {
                         return Ok(Value::Char(($input as u8) as char))
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_CHAR_STR
                     },
                     CTP::UInt8 => if $input >= 0 && $input <= ((u8::MAX as $input_type) & <$input_type>::MAX) {
                         return Ok(Value::UInt8($input as u8));
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_UINT8_STR
                     },
                     CTP::UInt16 => if $input >= 0 && $input <= ((u16::MAX as $input_type) & <$input_type>::MAX) {
                         return Ok(Value::UInt16($input as u16));
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_UINT16_STR
                     },
                     CTP::UInt32 => if $input >= 0 && $input <= ((u32::MAX as $input_type) & <$input_type>::MAX) {
                         return Ok(Value::UInt32($input as u32));
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_UINT32_STR
                     },
                     CTP::UInt64 => if $input >= 0 && $input <= ((u64::MAX as $input_type) & <$input_type>::MAX) {
                         return Ok(Value::UInt64($input as u64));
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_UINT64_STR
                     },
                     CTP::SInt8 => if $input >= ((i8::MIN as $input_type) | <$input_type>::MIN) && $input <= ((i8::MAX as $input_type) & <$input_type>::MAX) {
                         return Ok(Value::SInt8($input as i8));
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_SINT8_STR
                     },
                     CTP::SInt16 => if $input >= ((i16::MIN as $input_type | <$input_type>::MIN)) && $input <= ((i16::MAX as $input_type) & <$input_type>::MAX) {
                         return Ok(Value::SInt16($input as i16));
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_SINT16_STR
                     },
                     CTP::SInt32 => if $input >= ((i32::MIN as $input_type | <$input_type>::MIN)) && $input <= ((i32::MAX as $input_type) & <$input_type>::MAX) {
                         return Ok(Value::SInt32($input as i32));
                     } else {
                         KW_TYPE_SINT32_STR
                     },
                     CTP::SInt64 => return Ok(Value::SInt64($input as i64)),
                     _ => unreachable!(),
                 };
                 return Err(format!("value is '{}' which doesn't fit in a type '{}'", $input, target_type_name));
+            }
+        }
+    }
     // If here, then the types might still be equal, but at least we're dealing
     // with a simple integer/boolean/character input and output type.
     let subject = store.maybe_read_ref(subject);
     match subject {
         Value::Bool(val) => {
             match part {
                 CTP::Bool => return Ok(Value::Bool(*val)),
                 CTP::Character => return Ok(Value::Char(1 as char)),
                 _ => unchecked_cast!(*val, part),
+            }
         },
         Value::Char(val) => {
             match part {
                 CTP::Bool => return Ok(Value::Bool(*val != 0 as char)),
                 CTP::Character => return Ok(Value::Char(*val)),
                 _ => unchecked_cast!(*val, part),
+            }
         },
         Value::UInt8(val) => from_unsigned_cast!(*val, u8, part),
         Value::UInt16(val) => from_unsigned_cast!(*val, u16, part),
         Value::UInt32(val) => from_unsigned_cast!(*val, u32, part),
         Value::UInt64(val) => from_unsigned_cast!(*val, u64, part),
         Value::SInt8(val) => from_signed_cast!(*val, i8, part),
         Value::SInt16(val) => from_signed_cast!(*val, i16, part),
         Value::SInt32(val) => from_signed_cast!(*val, i32, part),
         Value::SInt64(val) => from_signed_cast!(*val, i64, part),
         _ => unreachable!("mismatch between 'cast' type checking and 'cast' evaluation"),
+    }
+}
 /// Recursively checks for equality.
 pub(crate) fn apply_equality_operator(store: &Store, lhs: &Value, rhs: &Value) -> bool {
     let lhs = store.maybe_read_ref(lhs);
     let rhs = store.maybe_read_ref(rhs);
     fn eval_equality_heap(store: &Store, lhs_pos: HeapPos, rhs_pos: HeapPos) -> bool {
         let lhs_vals = &store.heap_regions[lhs_pos as usize].values;
         let rhs_vals = &store.heap_regions[rhs_pos as usize].values;
         let lhs_len = lhs_vals.len();
         if lhs_len != rhs_vals.len() {
             return false;
+        }
         for idx in 0..lhs_len {
             let lhs_val = &lhs_vals[idx];
             let rhs_val = &rhs_vals[idx];
             if !apply_equality_operator(store, lhs_val, rhs_val) {
                 return false;
+            }
+        }
         return true;
+    }
     match lhs {
         Value::Input(v) => *v == rhs.as_input(),
         Value::Output(v) => *v == rhs.as_output(),
         Value::Message(lhs_pos) => eval_equality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs.as_message()),
         Value::Null => todo!("remove null"),
         Value::Bool(v) => *v == rhs.as_bool(),
         Value::Char(v) => *v == rhs.as_char(),
         Value::String(lhs_pos) => eval_equality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs.as_string()),
         Value::UInt8(v) => *v == rhs.as_uint8(),
         Value::UInt16(v) => *v == rhs.as_uint16(),
         Value::UInt32(v) => *v == rhs.as_uint32(),
         Value::UInt64(v) => *v == rhs.as_uint64(),
         Value::SInt8(v) => *v == rhs.as_sint8(),
         Value::SInt16(v) => *v == rhs.as_sint16(),
         Value::SInt32(v) => *v == rhs.as_sint32(),
         Value::SInt64(v) => *v == rhs.as_sint64(),
         Value::Array(lhs_pos) => eval_equality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs.as_array()),
         Value::Tuple(lhs_pos) => eval_equality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs.as_tuple()),
         Value::Enum(v) => *v == rhs.as_enum(),
         Value::Union(lhs_tag, lhs_pos) => {
             let (rhs_tag, rhs_pos) = rhs.as_union();
             if *lhs_tag != rhs_tag {
                 return false;
+            }
             eval_equality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs_pos)
         },
         Value::Struct(lhs_pos) => eval_equality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs.as_struct()),
         _ => unreachable!("apply_equality_operator to lhs {:?}", lhs),
+    }
+}
 /// Recursively checks for inequality
 pub(crate) fn apply_inequality_operator(store: &Store, lhs: &Value, rhs: &Value) -> bool {
     let lhs = store.maybe_read_ref(lhs);
     let rhs = store.maybe_read_ref(rhs);
     fn eval_inequality_heap(store: &Store, lhs_pos: HeapPos, rhs_pos: HeapPos) -> bool {
         let lhs_vals = &store.heap_regions[lhs_pos as usize].values;
         let rhs_vals = &store.heap_regions[rhs_pos as usize].values;
         let lhs_len = lhs_vals.len();
         if lhs_len != rhs_vals.len() {
             return true;
+        }
         for idx in 0..lhs_len {
             let lhs_val = &lhs_vals[idx];
             let rhs_val = &rhs_vals[idx];
             if apply_inequality_operator(store, lhs_val, rhs_val) {
                 return true;
+            }
+        }
         return false;
+    }
     match lhs {
         Value::Input(v) => *v != rhs.as_input(),
         Value::Output(v) => *v != rhs.as_output(),
         Value::Message(lhs_pos) => eval_inequality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs.as_message()),
         Value::Null => todo!("remove null"),
         Value::Bool(v) => *v != rhs.as_bool(),
         Value::Char(v) => *v != rhs.as_char(),
         Value::String(lhs_pos) => eval_inequality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs.as_string()),
         Value::UInt8(v) => *v != rhs.as_uint8(),
         Value::UInt16(v) => *v != rhs.as_uint16(),
         Value::UInt32(v) => *v != rhs.as_uint32(),
         Value::UInt64(v) => *v != rhs.as_uint64(),
         Value::SInt8(v) => *v != rhs.as_sint8(),
         Value::SInt16(v) => *v != rhs.as_sint16(),
         Value::SInt32(v) => *v != rhs.as_sint32(),
         Value::SInt64(v) => *v != rhs.as_sint64(),
         Value::Array(lhs_pos) => eval_inequality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs.as_array()),
         Value::Tuple(lhs_pos) => eval_inequality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs.as_tuple()),
         Value::Enum(v) => *v != rhs.as_enum(),
         Value::Union(lhs_tag, lhs_pos) => {
             let (rhs_tag, rhs_pos) = rhs.as_union();
             if *lhs_tag != rhs_tag {
                 return true;
+            }
             eval_inequality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs_pos)
         },
         Value::Struct(lhs_pos) => eval_inequality_heap(store, *lhs_pos, rhs.as_struct()),
         _ => unreachable!("apply_inequality_operator to lhs {:?}", lhs)
+    }
+}
 /// Recursively applies binding operator. Essentially an equality operator with
 /// special handling if the LHS contains a binding reference to a stack
 /// stack variable.
 // Note: that there is a lot of `Value.clone()` going on here. As always: this
 // is potentially cloning the references to heap values, not actually cloning
 // those heap regions into a new heap region.
 pub(crate) fn apply_binding_operator(store: &mut Store, lhs: Value, rhs: Value) -> bool {
     let lhs = store.maybe_read_ref(&lhs).clone();
     let rhs = store.maybe_read_ref(&rhs).clone();
     fn eval_binding_heap(store: &mut Store, lhs_pos: HeapPos, rhs_pos: HeapPos) -> bool {
         let lhs_len = store.heap_regions[lhs_pos as usize].values.len();
         let rhs_len = store.heap_regions[rhs_pos as usize].values.len();
         if lhs_len != rhs_len {
             return false;
+        }
         for idx in 0..lhs_len {
             // More rust shenanigans... I'm going to calm myself by saying that
             // this is just a temporary evaluator implementation.
             let lhs_val = store.heap_regions[lhs_pos as usize].values[idx].clone();
             let rhs_val = store.heap_regions[rhs_pos as usize].values[idx].clone();
             if !apply_binding_operator(store, lhs_val, rhs_val) {
                 return false;
+            }
+        }
         return true;
+    }
     match lhs {
         Value::Binding(var_pos) => {
             let to_write = store.clone_value(rhs.clone());
             store.write(ValueId::Stack(var_pos), to_write);
             return true;
         },
         Value::Input(v) => v == rhs.as_input(),
         Value::Output(v) => v == rhs.as_output(),
         Value::Message(lhs_pos) => eval_binding_heap(store, lhs_pos, rhs.as_message()),
         Value::Null => todo!("remove null"),
         Value::Bool(v) => v == rhs.as_bool(),
         Value::Char(v) => v == rhs.as_char(),
         Value::String(lhs_pos) => eval_binding_heap(store, lhs_pos, rhs.as_string()),
         Value::UInt8(v) => v == rhs.as_uint8(),
         Value::UInt16(v) => v == rhs.as_uint16(),
         Value::UInt32(v) => v == rhs.as_uint32(),
         Value::UInt64(v) => v == rhs.as_uint64(),
         Value::SInt8(v) => v == rhs.as_sint8(),
         Value::SInt16(v) => v == rhs.as_sint16(),
         Value::SInt32(v) => v == rhs.as_sint32(),
         Value::SInt64(v) => v == rhs.as_sint64(),
         Value::Array(lhs_pos) => eval_binding_heap(store, lhs_pos, rhs.as_array()),
         Value::Tuple(lhs_pos) => eval_binding_heap(store, lhs_pos, rhs.as_tuple()),
         Value::Enum(v) => v == rhs.as_enum(),
         Value::Union(lhs_tag, lhs_pos) => {
             let (rhs_tag, rhs_pos) = rhs.as_union();
             if lhs_tag != rhs_tag {
                 return false;
+            }
             eval_binding_heap(store, lhs_pos, rhs_pos)
         },
         Value::Struct(lhs_pos) => eval_binding_heap(store, lhs_pos, rhs.as_struct()),
         _ => unreachable!("apply_binding_operator to lhs {:?}", lhs),
+    }
+}
@@ \ No newline at end of file @@

src/protocol/input_source.rs

➞

Show inline comments

 use std::fmt;
 use std::sync::{RwLock, RwLockReadGuard};
 use std::fmt::Write;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct InputPosition {
     pub line: u32,
     pub offset: u32,
+}
 impl InputPosition {
     pub(crate) fn with_offset(&self, offset: u32) -> Self {
         InputPosition { line: self.line, offset: self.offset + offset }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct InputSpan {
     pub begin: InputPosition,
     pub end: InputPosition,
+}
 impl InputSpan {
     // This must only be used if you're sure that the span will not be involved
     // in creating an error message.
     #[inline]
     pub const fn new() -> InputSpan {
         InputSpan{ begin: InputPosition{ line: 0, offset: 0 }, end: InputPosition{ line: 0, offset: 0 }}
+    }
     #[inline]
     pub fn from_positions(begin: InputPosition, end: InputPosition) -> Self {
         Self { begin, end }
+    }
+}
 /// Wrapper around source file with optional filename. Ensures that the file is
 /// only scanned once.
 pub struct InputSource {
     pub(crate) filename: String,
     pub(crate) input: Vec<u8>,
     // Iteration
     line: u32,
     offset: usize,
     // State tracking
     pub(crate) had_error: Option<ParseError>,
     // The offset_lookup is built on-demand upon attempting to report an error.
     // Only one procedure will actually create the lookup, afterwards only read
     // locks will be held.
     offset_lookup: RwLock<Vec<u32>>,
+}
 impl InputSource {
     pub fn new(filename: String, input: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
         Self{
             filename,
             input,
             line: 1,
             offset: 0,
             had_error: None,
             offset_lookup: RwLock::new(Vec::new()),
+        }
+    }
     #[inline]
     pub fn pos(&self) -> InputPosition {
         InputPosition { line: self.line, offset: self.offset as u32 }
+    }
     pub fn next(&self) -> Option<u8> {
         if self.offset < self.input.len() {
             Some(self.input[self.offset])
         } else {
             None
+        }
+    }
     pub fn lookahead(&self, offset: usize) -> Option<u8> {
         let offset_pos = self.offset + offset;
         if offset_pos < self.input.len() {
             Some(self.input[offset_pos])
         } else {
             None
+        }
+    }
     #[inline]
     pub fn section_at_pos(&self, start: InputPosition, end: InputPosition) -> &[u8] {
         &self.input[start.offset as usize..end.offset as usize]
+    }
     #[inline]
     pub fn section_at_span(&self, span: InputSpan) -> &[u8] {
         &self.input[span.begin.offset as usize..span.end.offset as usize]
+    }
     // Consumes the next character. Will check well-formedness of newlines: \r
     // must be followed by a \n, because this is used for error reporting. Will
     // not check for ascii-ness of the file, better left to a tokenizer.
     pub fn consume(&mut self) {
         match self.next() {
             Some(b'\r') => {
                 if Some(b'\n') == self.lookahead(1) {
                     // Well formed file
                     self.offset += 1;
                 } else {
                     // Not a well-formed file, pretend like we can continue
                     self.offset += 1;
                     self.set_error("Encountered carriage-feed without a following newline");
+                }
             },
             Some(b'\n') => {
                 self.line += 1;
                 self.offset += 1;
             },
             Some(_) => {
                 self.offset += 1;
+            }
             None => {}
+        }
         // Maybe we actually want to check this in release mode. Then again:
         // a 4 gigabyte source file... Really?
         debug_assert!(self.offset < u32::max_value() as usize);
+    }
     fn set_error(&mut self, msg: &str) {
         if self.had_error.is_none() {
             self.had_error = Some(ParseError::new_error_str_at_pos(self, self.pos(), msg));
+        }
+    }
     fn get_lookup(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<Vec<u32>> {
         // Once constructed the lookup always contains one element. We use this
         // to see if it is constructed already.
+        {
             let lookup = self.offset_lookup.read().unwrap();
             if !lookup.is_empty() {
                 return lookup;
+            }
+        }
         // Lookup was not constructed yet
         let mut lookup = self.offset_lookup.write().unwrap();
         if !lookup.is_empty() {
             // Somebody created it before we had the chance
             drop(lookup);
             let lookup = self.offset_lookup.read().unwrap();
             return lookup;
+        }
         // Build the line number (!) to offset lookup, so offset by 1. We
         // assume the entire source file is scanned (most common case) for
         // preallocation.
         lookup.reserve(self.line as usize + 2);
         lookup.push(0); // line 0: never used
         lookup.push(0); // first line: first character
         for char_idx in 0..self.input.len() {
             if self.input[char_idx] == b'\n' {
                 lookup.push(char_idx as u32 + 1);
+            }
+        }
         lookup.push(self.input.len() as u32 + 1); // for lookup_line_end, intentionally adding one character
         // Return created lookup
         drop(lookup);
         let lookup = self.offset_lookup.read().unwrap();
         return lookup;
+    }
     /// Retrieves the column associated with a line. Calling this incurs a read
     /// lock, so don't spam it in happy-path compiler code.
     pub(crate) fn get_column(&self, pos: InputPosition) -> u32 {
         let line_start = self.lookup_line_start_offset(pos.line);
         return pos.offset - line_start + 1;
+    }
     /// Retrieves offset at which line starts (right after newline)
     fn lookup_line_start_offset(&self, line_number: u32) -> u32 {
         let lookup = self.get_lookup();
         lookup[line_number as usize]
+    }
     /// Retrieves offset at which line ends (at the newline character or the
     /// preceding carriage feed for \r\n-encoded newlines)
     fn lookup_line_end_offset(&self, line_number: u32) -> u32 {
         let lookup = self.get_lookup();
         let offset = lookup[(line_number + 1) as usize] - 1;
         let offset_usize = offset as usize;
         // Compensate for newlines and a potential carriage feed. Note that the
         // end position is exclusive. So we only need to compensate for a
         // "\r\n"
         if offset_usize > 0 && offset_usize < self.input.len() && self.input[offset_usize] == b'\n' && self.input[offset_usize - 1] == b'\r' {
             offset - 1
         } else {
             offset
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum StatementKind {
     Info,
     Error
+}
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum ContextKind {
     SingleLine,
     MultiLine,
+}
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ErrorStatement {
     pub(crate) statement_kind: StatementKind,
     pub(crate) context_kind: ContextKind,
     pub(crate) start_line: u32,
     pub(crate) start_column: u32,
     pub(crate) end_line: u32,
     pub(crate) end_column: u32,
     pub(crate) filename: String,
     pub(crate) context: String,
     pub(crate) message: String,
+}
 impl ErrorStatement {
     fn from_source_at_pos(statement_kind: StatementKind, source: &InputSource, position: InputPosition, message: String) -> Self {
         // Seek line start and end
         let line_start = source.lookup_line_start_offset(position.line);
         let line_end = source.lookup_line_end_offset(position.line);
         let context = Self::create_context(source, line_start as usize, line_end as usize);
         debug_assert!(position.offset >= line_start);
         let column = position.offset - line_start + 1;
         Self{
             statement_kind,
             context_kind: ContextKind::SingleLine,
             start_line: position.line,
             start_column: column,
             end_line: position.line,
             end_column: column + 1,
             filename: source.filename.clone(),
             context,
             message,
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn from_source_at_span(statement_kind: StatementKind, source: &InputSource, span: InputSpan, message: String) -> Self {
         debug_assert!(span.end.line >= span.begin.line);
         debug_assert!(span.end.offset >= span.begin.offset);
         let first_line_start = source.lookup_line_start_offset(span.begin.line);
         let last_line_start = source.lookup_line_start_offset(span.end.line);
         let last_line_end = source.lookup_line_end_offset(span.end.line);
         let context = Self::create_context(source, first_line_start as usize, last_line_end as usize);
         debug_assert!(span.begin.offset >= first_line_start);
         let start_column = span.begin.offset - first_line_start + 1;
         let end_column = span.end.offset - last_line_start + 1;
         let context_kind = if span.begin.line == span.end.line {
             ContextKind::SingleLine
         } else {
             ContextKind::MultiLine
         };
         Self{
             statement_kind,
             context_kind,
             start_line: span.begin.line,
             start_column,
             end_line: span.end.line,
             end_column,
             filename: source.filename.clone(),
             context,
             message,
+        }
+    }
     /// Produces context from source
     fn create_context(source: &InputSource, start: usize, end: usize) -> String {
         let context_raw = &source.input[start..end];
         String::from_utf8_lossy(context_raw).to_string()
+    }
+}
 impl fmt::Display for ErrorStatement {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         // Write kind of statement and message
         match self.statement_kind {
             StatementKind::Info => f.write_str(" INFO: ")?,
             StatementKind::Error => f.write_str("ERROR: ")?,
+        }
         f.write_str(&self.message)?;
         f.write_char('\n')?;
         // Write originating file/line/column
         f.write_str(" +- ")?;
         if !self.filename.is_empty() {
             write!(f, "in {} ", self.filename)?;
+        }
         match self.context_kind {
             ContextKind::SingleLine => writeln!(f, " at {}:{}", self.start_line, self.start_column),
             ContextKind::MultiLine => writeln!(
                 f, " from {}:{} to {}:{}",
                 self.start_line, self.start_column, self.end_line, self.end_column
+            )
         }?;
         // Helper function for writing context: converting tabs into 4 spaces
         // (oh, the controversy!) and creating an annotated line
         fn transform_context(source: &str, target: &mut String) {
             for char in source.chars() {
                 if char == '\t' {
                     target.push_str("    ");
                 } else {
                     target.push(char);
+                }
+            }
+        }
         fn extend_annotation(first_col: u32, last_col: u32, source: &str, target: &mut String, extend_char: char) {
             debug_assert!(first_col > 0 && last_col > first_col);
             // If the first index exceeds the size of the context then we should
             // have a message placed at the newline character
             let first_idx = first_col as usize - 1;
             let last_idx = last_col as usize - 1;
             if first_idx >= source.len() {
                 // If any of these fail then the logic behind reporting errors
                 // is incorrect.
                 debug_assert_eq!(first_idx, source.len());
                 debug_assert_eq!(first_idx + 1, last_idx);
                 target.push(extend_char);
             } else {
                 for (char_idx, char) in source.chars().enumerate().skip(first_idx) {
                     if char_idx == last_idx as usize {
                         break;
+                    }
                     if char == '\t' {
                         for _ in 0..4 { target.push(extend_char); }
                     } else {
                         target.push(extend_char);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
         // Write source context
         writeln!(f, " | ")?;
         let mut context = String::with_capacity(128);
         let mut annotation = String::with_capacity(128);
         match self.context_kind {
             ContextKind::SingleLine => {
                 // Write single line of context with indicator for the offending
                 // span underneath.
                 context.push_str(" |  ");
                 transform_context(&self.context, &mut context);
                 context.push('\n');
                 f.write_str(&context)?;
                 annotation.push_str(" | ");
                 extend_annotation(1, self.start_column + 1, &self.context, &mut annotation, ' ');
                 extend_annotation(self.start_column, self.end_column, &self.context, &mut annotation, '~');
                 annotation.push('\n');
                 f.write_str(&annotation)?;
             },
             ContextKind::MultiLine => {
                 // Annotate all offending lines
                 // - first line
                 let mut lines = self.context.lines();
                 let first_line = lines.next().unwrap();
                 transform_context(first_line, &mut context);
                 writeln!(f, " |- {}", &context)?;
                 // - remaining lines
                 let mut last_line = first_line;
                 while let Some(cur_line) = lines.next() {
                     context.clear();
                     transform_context(cur_line, &mut context);
                     writeln!(f, " |  {}", &context)?;
                     last_line = cur_line;
+                }
                 // - underline beneath last line
                 annotation.push_str(" \\__");
                 extend_annotation(1, self.end_column, &last_line, &mut annotation, '_');
                 annotation.push_str("/\n");
                 f.write_str(&annotation)?;
+            }
+        }
         Ok(())
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct ParseError {
     pub(crate) statements: Vec<ErrorStatement>
+}
 impl fmt::Display for ParseError {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         if self.statements.is_empty() {
             return Ok(())
+        }
         self.statements[0].fmt(f)?;
         for statement in self.statements.iter().skip(1) {
             writeln!(f)?;
             statement.fmt(f)?;
+        }
         Ok(())
+    }
+}
 impl ParseError {
     pub fn new_error_at_pos(source: &InputSource, position: InputPosition, message: String) -> Self {
         Self{ statements: vec!(ErrorStatement::from_source_at_pos(
             StatementKind::Error, source, position, message
         )) }
+    }
     pub fn new_error_str_at_pos(source: &InputSource, position: InputPosition, message: &str) -> Self {
         Self{ statements: vec!(ErrorStatement::from_source_at_pos(
             StatementKind::Error, source, position, message.to_string()
         )) }
+    }
     pub fn new_error_at_span(source: &InputSource, span: InputSpan, message: String) -> Self {
         Self{ statements: vec!(ErrorStatement::from_source_at_span(
             StatementKind::Error, source, span, message
         )) }
+    }
     pub fn new_error_str_at_span(source: &InputSource, span: InputSpan, message: &str) -> Self {
         Self{ statements: vec!(ErrorStatement::from_source_at_span(
             StatementKind::Error, source, span, message.to_string()
         )) }
+    }
     pub fn with_at_span(mut self, error_type: StatementKind, source: &InputSource, span: InputSpan, message: String) -> Self {
         self.statements.push(ErrorStatement::from_source_at_span(error_type, source, span, message.to_string()));
         self
+    }
     pub fn with_info_at_span(self, source: &InputSource, span: InputSpan, msg: String) -> Self {
         self.with_at_span(StatementKind::Info, source, span, msg)
+    }
     pub fn with_info_str_at_pos(self, source: &InputSource, pos: InputPosition, msg: &str) -> Self {
         self.with_at_span(
             StatementKind::Info, source,
             InputSpan::from_positions(pos, pos.with_offset(1)),
             msg.to_string()
+        )
+    }
     pub fn with_info_str_at_span(self, source: &InputSource, span: InputSpan, msg: &str) -> Self {
         self.with_at_span(StatementKind::Info, source, span, msg.to_string())
+    }
+}

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