CSY/reowolf Changeset - 91b15f92bab5 · Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)

Changeset - 91b15f92bab5

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MH - 4 years ago 2021-07-12 15:49:00
contact@maxhenger.nl

start on memory layout of types

3 files changed with 306 insertions and 87 deletions:

docs/types/infinite_types.md

src/protocol/ast.rs

src/protocol/parser/type_table.rs

290

0 comments (0 inline, 0 general)

docs/types/infinite_types.md

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@@ @@ -256,12 +256,26 @@ union UInside { @@
 Here `UInside` should become pointerlike, but `UOutside` should remain a normal value.
 ### Which Union Breaks the Cycle?
 ```pdl
 struct S { UOne one }
 union UOne { Two(UTwo), Nope }
 union UTwo { Struct(S), Nope }
 ```
 Here we see that we have a type loop to which both unions contribute. We can either lay out `UOne` as pointerlike, or `UTwo`. Both would allow us to calculate the size of the types and make the type expressable. However we need consistent compilation. For this reason and this reason only (because it is much more efficient to only lay out one of the unions as a pointer) we have to make both unions pointerlike. Perhaps in the future some other consistent metric can be applied.
 ### Does it even Matter?
 ```pdl
 // Obviously doesn't use `T`
 enum Something<T> { A, B }
 // So this should be fine
 struct Foo {
     Something<Foo> some_member,
+}
 ```
 Here we have a struct `Foo` that has a reliance on `Something<Foo>`, but this shouldn't case a type loop. Because `Foo` doesn't actually appear in `Something`. So whatever algorithm we come up with should resolve member types not by iterating over each individual type, but by attempting to instantiate a monomorph of that type, then to check the members of that monomorph.
@@ \ No newline at end of file @@

src/protocol/ast.rs

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@@ @@ -724,25 +724,25 @@ pub struct StructDefinition { @@
     pub fields: Vec<StructFieldDefinition>
+}
 impl StructDefinition {
     pub(crate) fn new_empty(
         this: StructDefinitionId, defined_in: RootId, span: InputSpan,
         identifier: Identifier, poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>
     ) -> Self {
         Self{ this, defined_in, span, identifier, poly_vars, fields: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
 pub enum EnumVariantValue {
     None,
     Integer(i64),
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct EnumVariantDefinition {
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub value: EnumVariantValue,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ @@ -757,35 +757,29 @@ pub struct EnumDefinition { @@
     pub variants: Vec<EnumVariantDefinition>,
+}
 impl EnumDefinition {
     pub(crate) fn new_empty(
         this: EnumDefinitionId, defined_in: RootId, span: InputSpan,
         identifier: Identifier, poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>
     ) -> Self {
         Self{ this, defined_in, span, identifier, poly_vars, variants: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum UnionVariantValue {
     None,
     Embedded(Vec<ParserType>),
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct UnionVariantDefinition {
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
-    pub value: UnionVariantValue,
+    pub value: Vec<ParserType>, // if empty, then union variant does not contain any embedded types
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct UnionDefinition {
     pub this: UnionDefinitionId,
     pub defined_in: RootId,
     // Phase 1: symbol scanning
     pub span: InputSpan,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>,
     // Phase 2: parsing
     pub variants: Vec<UnionVariantDefinition>,

src/protocol/parser/type_table.rs

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 /**
  * type_table.rs
+ *
  * The type table is a lookup from AST definition (which contains just what the
  * programmer typed) to a type with additional information computed (e.g. the
  * byte size and offsets of struct members). The type table should be considered
  * the authoritative source of information on types by the compiler (not the
  * AST itself!).
+ *
  * The type table operates in two modes: one is where we just look up the type,
  * check its fields for correctness and mark whether it is polymorphic or not.
  * The second one is where we compute byte sizes, alignment and offsets.
+ *
  * The basic algorithm for type resolving and computing byte sizes is to
  * recursively try to lay out each member type of a particular type. This is
  * done in a stack-like fashion, where each embedded type pushes a breadcrumb
  * unto the stack. We may discover a cycle in embedded types (called a "type
  * loop"). After which the type table attempts to break the type loop by making
  * specific types heap-allocated. Upon doing so we know their size because their
  * stack-size is now based on pointers.
+ *
  * The reason for these type shenanigans is because PDL is a value-based
  * language, but we would still like to be able to express recursively defined
  * types like trees or linked lists. Hence we need to insert pointers somewhere
  * to break these cycles.
  */
 use std::fmt::{Formatter, Result as FmtResult};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use crate::protocol::ast::*;
 use crate::protocol::parser::symbol_table::SymbolScope;
 use crate::protocol::input_source::ParseError;
 use crate::protocol::parser::*;
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Defined Types
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ @@ -83,24 +110,31 @@ impl DefinedTypeVariant { @@
             DefinedTypeVariant::Enum(v) => v,
             _ => unreachable!("Cannot convert {} to enum variant", self.type_class())
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_union(&self) -> &UnionType {
         match self {
             DefinedTypeVariant::Union(v) => v,
             _ => unreachable!("Cannot convert {} to union variant", self.type_class())
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_union_mut(&mut self) -> &mut UnionType {
         match self {
             DefinedTypeVariant::Union(v) => v,
             _ => unreachable!("Cannot convert {} to union variant", self.type_class())
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn data_monomorphs(&self) -> &Vec<DataMonomorph> {
         use DefinedTypeVariant::*;
         match self {
             Enum(v) => &v.monomorphs,
             Union(v) => &v.monomorphs,
             Struct(v) => &v.monomorphs,
             _ => unreachable!("cannot get data monomorphs from {}", self.type_class()),
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn data_monomorphs_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<DataMonomorph> {
@@ @@ -229,111 +263,104 @@ pub struct MonomorphExpression { @@
     // function's signature but its return type
     pub(crate) expr_type: ConcreteType,
     // Has multiple meanings: the field index for select expressions, the
     // monomorph index for polymorphic function calls or literals. Negative
     // values are never used, but used to catch programming errors.
     pub(crate) field_or_monomorph_idx: i32,
+}
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Type table
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // TODO: @cleanup Do I really need this, doesn't make the code that much cleaner
 struct TypeIterator {
     breadcrumbs: Vec<(RootId, DefinitionId)>
+}
 impl TypeIterator {
     fn new() -> Self {
         Self{ breadcrumbs: Vec::with_capacity(32) }
+    }
     fn reset(&mut self, root_id: RootId, definition_id: DefinitionId) {
         self.breadcrumbs.clear();
         self.breadcrumbs.push((root_id, definition_id))
+    }
     fn push(&mut self, root_id: RootId, definition_id: DefinitionId) {
         self.breadcrumbs.push((root_id, definition_id));
+    }
     fn contains(&self, root_id: RootId, definition_id: DefinitionId) -> bool {
         for (stored_root_id, stored_definition_id) in self.breadcrumbs.iter() {
             if *stored_root_id == root_id && *stored_definition_id == definition_id { return true; }
+        }
         return false
+    }
     fn top(&self) -> Option<(RootId, DefinitionId)> {
         self.breadcrumbs.last().map(|(r, d)| (*r, *d))
+    }
     fn pop(&mut self) {
         debug_assert!(!self.breadcrumbs.is_empty());
         self.breadcrumbs.pop();
+    }
 struct ResolveBreadcrumb {
     root_id: RootId,
     definition_id: DefinitionId,
     next_member: u32,
     next_embedded: u32, // for unions, the next embedded value inside the member
     progression: DefinedTypeVariant
+}
 /// Result from attempting to resolve a `ParserType` using the symbol table and
 /// the type table.
 enum ResolveResult {
     Builtin,
     PolymoprhicArgument,
     /// ParserType points to a user-defined type that is already resolved in the
     /// type table.
     Resolved(RootId, DefinitionId),
     /// ParserType points to a user-defined type that is not yet resolved into
     /// the type table.
     Unresolved(RootId, DefinitionId)
+}
 /// Result from attempting to progress a breadcrumb
 enum ProgressResult {
     PopBreadcrumb,
     PushBreadcrumb(RootId, DefinitionId),
     TypeLoop(RootId, DefinitionId),
+}
 pub struct TypeTable {
     /// Lookup from AST DefinitionId to a defined type. Considering possible
     /// polymorphs is done inside the `DefinedType` struct.
     lookup: HashMap<DefinitionId, DefinedType>,
     /// Iterator over `(module, definition)` tuples used as workspace to make sure
     /// that each base definition of all a type's subtypes are resolved.
     iter: TypeIterator,
     /// Breadcrumbs left behind while resolving embedded types
     breadcrumbs: Vec<ResolveBreadcrumb>,
     infinite_unions: Vec<(RootId, DefinitionId)>,
+}
 impl TypeTable {
     /// Construct a new type table without any resolved types.
     pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
         Self{
             lookup: HashMap::new(),
             iter: TypeIterator::new(),
             breadcrumbs: Vec::with_capacity(32),
             infinite_unions: Vec::with_capacity(16),
+        }
+    }
     /// Iterates over all defined types (polymorphic and non-polymorphic) and
     /// add their types in two passes. In the first pass we will just add the
     /// base types (we will not consider monomorphs, and we will not compute
     /// byte sizes). In the second pass we will compute byte sizes of
     /// non-polymorphic types, and potentially the monomorphs that are embedded
     /// in those types.
     pub(crate) fn build_base_types(&mut self, modules: &mut [Module], ctx: &mut PassCtx) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
         // Make sure we're allowed to cast root_id to index into ctx.modules
         debug_assert!(modules.iter().all(|m| m.phase >= ModuleCompilationPhase::DefinitionsParsed));
         debug_assert!(self.lookup.is_empty());
         debug_assert!(self.iter.top().is_none());
         if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
             for (index, module) in modules.iter().enumerate() {
                 debug_assert_eq!(index, module.root_id.index as usize);
+            }
+        }
         // Use context to guess hashmap size
+        // Use context to guess hashmap size of the base types
         let reserve_size = ctx.heap.definitions.len();
         self.lookup.reserve(reserve_size);
         // Resolve all base types
         for definition_idx in 0..ctx.heap.definitions.len() {
             let definition_id = ctx.heap.definitions.get_id(definition_idx);
             self.resolve_base_definition(modules, ctx, definition_id)?;
             let definition = &ctx.heap[definition_id];
             match definition {
                 Definition::Enum(_) => self.build_base_enum_definition(modules, ctx, definition_id),
                 Definition::Union(_) => self.build_base_union_definition(modules, ctx, definition_id),
                 Definition::Struct(_) => self.build_base_struct_definition(modules, ctx, definition_id),
                 Definition::Function(_) => self.build_base_function_definition(modules, ctx, definition_id),
                 Definition::Component(_) => self.build_base_component_definition(modules, ctx, definition_id),
+            }
+        }
         debug_assert_eq!(self.lookup.len(), reserve_size, "mismatch in reserved size of type table"); // NOTE: Temp fix for builtin functions
         for module in modules {
             module.phase = ModuleCompilationPhase::TypesAddedToTable;
+        }
         Ok(())
+    }
     /// Retrieves base definition from type table. We must be able to retrieve
     /// it as we resolve all base types upon type table construction (for now).
@@ @@ -428,63 +455,155 @@ impl TypeTable { @@
         let index = monos.len();
         monos.push(DataMonomorph{ poly_args: types });
         return index as i32;
+    }
     /// This function will resolve just the basic definition of the type, it
     /// will not handle any of the monomorphized instances of the type.
     fn resolve_base_definition<'a>(&'a mut self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &mut PassCtx, definition_id: DefinitionId) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
         // Check if we have already resolved the base definition
         if self.lookup.contains_key(&definition_id) { return Ok(()); }
         let root_id = ctx.heap[definition_id].defined_in();
         self.iter.reset(root_id, definition_id);
         // We haven't, push the first breadcrumb and start resolving
         self.push_breadcrumb_for_definition(ctx, definition_id);
-        while let Some((root_id, definition_id)) = self.iter.top() {
+        while let Some(breadcrumb) = self.breadcrumbs.last() {
             // We have a type to resolve
             let definition = &ctx.heap[definition_id];
+            let definition = &ctx.heap[breadcrumb.definition_id];
             let can_pop_breadcrumb = match definition {
                 // Bit ugly, since we already have the definition, but we need
                 // to work around rust borrowing rules...
                 Definition::Enum(_) => self.resolve_base_enum_definition(modules, ctx, root_id, definition_id),
                 Definition::Union(_) => self.resolve_base_union_definition(modules, ctx, root_id, definition_id),
                 Definition::Struct(_) => self.resolve_base_struct_definition(modules, ctx, root_id, definition_id),
                 Definition::Component(_) => self.resolve_base_component_definition(modules, ctx, root_id, definition_id),
                 Definition::Function(_) => self.resolve_base_function_definition(modules, ctx, root_id, definition_id),
                 Definition::Enum(_) => self.resolve_base_enum_definition(modules, ctx),
                 Definition::Union(_) => self.resolve_base_union_definition(modules, ctx),
                 Definition::Struct(_) => self.resolve_base_struct_definition(modules, ctx),
                 Definition::Component(_) => self.resolve_base_component_definition(modules, ctx),
                 Definition::Function(_) => self.resolve_base_function_definition(modules, ctx),
             }?;
             // Otherwise: `ingest_resolve_result` has pushed a new breadcrumb
             // that we must follow before we can resolve the current type
             if can_pop_breadcrumb {
-                self.iter.pop();
+                self.breadcrumbs.pop();
+            }
+        }
         // We must have resolved the type
         debug_assert!(self.lookup.contains_key(&definition_id), "base type not resolved");
         Ok(())
+    }
     /// Builds the base type for an enum. Will not compute byte sizes
     fn build_base_enum_definition(&mut self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &mut PassCtx, definition_id: DefinitionId) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
         debug_assert!(!self.lookup.contains_key(&definition_id), "base enum already built");
         let definition = ctx.heap[definition_id].as_enum();
         let root_id = definition.defined_in;
         // Determine enum variants
         let mut enum_value = -1;
         let mut variants = Vec::with_capacity(definition.variants.len());
         for variant in &definition.variants {
             if enum_value == i64::MAX {
                 let source = &modules[definition.defined_in.index as usize].source;
                 return Err(ParseError::new_error_str_at_span(
                     source, variant.identifier.span,
                     "this enum variant has an integer value that is too large"
                 ));
+            }
             enum_value += 1;
             if let EnumVariantValue::Integer(explicit_value) = variant.value {
                 enum_value = explicit_value;
+            }
             variants.push(EnumVariant{
                 identifier: variant.identifier.clone(),
                 value: enum_value,
             });
+        }
         // Determine tag size
         let mut min_enum_value = 0;
         let mut max_enum_value = 0;
         if !variants.is_empty() {
             min_enum_value = variants[0].value;
             max_enum_value = variants[0].value;
             for variant in variants.iter().skip(1) {
                 min_enum_value = min_enum_value.min(variant.value);
                 max_enum_value = max_enum_value.max(variant.value);
+            }
+        }
         // TODO: Tag size determination, here or when laying out?
         // Enum names and polymorphic args do not conflict
         Self::check_identifier_collision(
             modules, root_id, &variants, |variant| &variant.identifier, "enum variant"
         )?;
         // Polymorphic arguments cannot appear as embedded types, because
         // they can only consist of integer variants.
         Self::check_poly_args_collision(modules, ctx, root_id, &definition.poly_vars)?;
         let poly_vars = Self::create_polymorphic_variables(&definition.poly_vars);
         self.lookup.insert(definition_id, DefinedType {
             ast_root: root_id,
             ast_definition: definition_id,
             definition: DefinedTypeVariant::Enum(EnumType{
                 variants,
                 monomorphs: Vec::new(),
             }),
             poly_vars,
             is_polymorph: false,
         });
         return Ok(());
+    }
     fn build_base_struct_definition(&mut self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &mut PassCtx, definition_id: DefinitionId) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
         debug_assert!(!self.lookup.contains_key(&definition_id), "base struct already built");
         let definition = ctx.heap[definition_id].as_struct();
         let root_id = definition.defined_in;
         // Go through all struct fields
         let mut fields = Vec::with_capacity(definition.fields.len());
         for field in &definition.fields {
             // Make sure the
+        }
+    }
     /// Resolve the basic enum definition to an entry in the type table. It will
     /// not instantiate any monomorphized instances of polymorphic enum
     /// definitions. If a subtype has to be resolved first then this function
     /// will return `false` after calling `ingest_resolve_result`.
     fn resolve_base_enum_definition(&mut self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &mut PassCtx, root_id: RootId, definition_id: DefinitionId) -> Result<bool, ParseError> {
     fn resolve_base_enum_definition(&mut self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &mut PassCtx) -> Result<bool, ParseError> {
         // Retrieve breadcrumb and perform some basic checking
         let breadcrumb = self.breadcrumbs.last_mut().unwrap();
         let root_id = breadcrumb.root_id;
         let definition_id = breadcrumb.definition_id;
         debug_assert!(ctx.heap[definition_id].is_enum());
         debug_assert!(!self.lookup.contains_key(&definition_id), "base enum already resolved");
         let definition = ctx.heap[definition_id].as_enum();
         // Since we're dealing with an enum's base definition, we're not going
         // to check any embedded types and should finish layout out the enum in
         // one go.
         debug_assert!(breadcrumb.progression.is_none());
         // Determine enum variants
         let mut enum_value = -1;
         let mut min_enum_value = 0;
         let mut max_enum_value = 0;
         let mut variants = Vec::with_capacity(definition.variants.len());
         for variant in &definition.variants {
             enum_value += 1;
             match &variant.value {
                 EnumVariantValue::None => {
                     variants.push(EnumVariant{
                         identifier: variant.identifier.clone(),
                         value: enum_value,
                     });
@@ @@ -493,32 +612,32 @@ impl TypeTable { @@
                     enum_value = *override_value;
                     variants.push(EnumVariant{
                         identifier: variant.identifier.clone(),
                         value: enum_value,
                     });
+                }
+            }
             if enum_value < min_enum_value { min_enum_value = enum_value; }
             else if enum_value > max_enum_value { max_enum_value = enum_value; }
+        }
         // Ensure enum names and polymorphic args do not conflict
-        self.check_identifier_collision(
+        Self::check_identifier_collision(
             modules, root_id, &variants, |variant| &variant.identifier, "enum variant"
         )?;
         // Because we're parsing an enum, the programmer cannot put the
         // polymorphic variables inside the variants. But the polymorphic
         // variables might still be present as "marker types"
-        self.check_poly_args_collision(modules, ctx, root_id, &definition.poly_vars)?;
+        Self::check_poly_args_collision(modules, ctx, root_id, &definition.poly_vars)?;
         let poly_vars = Self::create_polymorphic_variables(&definition.poly_vars);
         self.lookup.insert(definition_id, DefinedType {
             ast_root: root_id,
             ast_definition: definition_id,
             definition: DefinedTypeVariant::Enum(EnumType{
                 variants,
                 monomorphs: Vec::new(),
             }),
             poly_vars,
             is_polymorph: false,
         });
@@ @@ -566,28 +685,28 @@ impl TypeTable { @@
                 },
             };
             variants.push(UnionVariant{
                 identifier: variant.identifier.clone(),
                 embedded,
                 tag_value,
                 exists_in_heap: false
             })
+        }
         // Ensure union names and polymorphic args do not conflict
-        self.check_identifier_collision(
+        Self::check_identifier_collision(
             modules, root_id, &variants, |variant| &variant.identifier, "union variant"
         )?;
-        self.check_poly_args_collision(modules, ctx, root_id, &definition.poly_vars)?;
+        Self::check_poly_args_collision(modules, ctx, root_id, &definition.poly_vars)?;
         // Construct polymorphic variables and mark the ones that are in use
         let mut poly_vars = Self::create_polymorphic_variables(&definition.poly_vars);
         for variant in &variants {
             for parser_type in &variant.embedded {
                 Self::mark_used_polymorphic_variables(&mut poly_vars, parser_type);
+            }
+        }
         let is_polymorph = poly_vars.iter().any(|arg| arg.is_in_use);
         // Insert base definition in type table
         self.lookup.insert(definition_id, DefinedType {
@@ @@ -600,52 +719,52 @@ impl TypeTable { @@
                 contains_unallocated_variant: true
             }),
             poly_vars,
             is_polymorph,
         });
         Ok(true)
+    }
     /// Resolves the basic struct definition to an entry in the type table. It
     /// will not instantiate any monomorphized instances of polymorphic struct
     /// definitions.
-    fn resolve_base_struct_definition(&mut self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &mut PassCtx, root_id: RootId, definition_id: DefinitionId) -> Result<bool, ParseError> {
     fn resolve_base_struct_definition(&mut self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &mut PassCtx) -> Result<bool, ParseError> {
         debug_assert!(ctx.heap[definition_id].is_struct());
         debug_assert!(!self.lookup.contains_key(&definition_id), "base struct already resolved");
         let definition = ctx.heap[definition_id].as_struct();
         // Make sure all fields point to resolvable types
         for field_definition in &definition.fields {
             let resolve_result = self.resolve_base_parser_type(modules, ctx, root_id, &field_definition.parser_type, false)?;
             if !self.ingest_resolve_result(modules, ctx, resolve_result)? {
                 return Ok(false)
+            }
+        }
         // All fields types are resolved, construct base type
         let mut fields = Vec::with_capacity(definition.fields.len());
         for field_definition in &definition.fields {
             fields.push(StructField{
                 identifier: field_definition.field.clone(),
                 parser_type: field_definition.parser_type.clone(),
             })
+        }
         // And make sure no conflicts exist in field names and/or polymorphic args
-        self.check_identifier_collision(
+        Self::check_identifier_collision(
             modules, root_id, &fields, |field| &field.identifier, "struct field"
         )?;
-        self.check_poly_args_collision(modules, ctx, root_id, &definition.poly_vars)?;
+        Self::check_poly_args_collision(modules, ctx, root_id, &definition.poly_vars)?;
         // Construct representation of polymorphic arguments
         let mut poly_vars = Self::create_polymorphic_variables(&definition.poly_vars);
         for field in &fields {
             Self::mark_used_polymorphic_variables(&mut poly_vars, &field.parser_type);
+        }
         let is_polymorph = poly_vars.iter().any(|arg| arg.is_in_use);
         self.lookup.insert(definition_id, DefinedType{
             ast_root: root_id,
             ast_definition: definition_id,
@@ @@ -687,28 +806,28 @@ impl TypeTable { @@
         // Construct arguments to function
         let mut arguments = Vec::with_capacity(definition.parameters.len());
         for param_id in &definition.parameters {
             let param = &ctx.heap[*param_id];
             arguments.push(FunctionArgument{
                 identifier: param.identifier.clone(),
                 parser_type: param.parser_type.clone(),
             })
+        }
         // Check conflict of argument and polyarg identifiers
-        self.check_identifier_collision(
+        Self::check_identifier_collision(
             modules, root_id, &arguments, |arg| &arg.identifier, "function argument"
         )?;
-        self.check_poly_args_collision(modules, ctx, root_id, &definition.poly_vars)?;
+        Self::check_poly_args_collision(modules, ctx, root_id, &definition.poly_vars)?;
         // Construct polymorphic arguments
         let mut poly_vars = Self::create_polymorphic_variables(&definition.poly_vars);
         Self::mark_used_polymorphic_variables(&mut poly_vars, &definition.return_types[0]);
         for argument in &arguments {
             Self::mark_used_polymorphic_variables(&mut poly_vars, &argument.parser_type);
+        }
         let is_polymorph = poly_vars.iter().any(|arg| arg.is_in_use);
         // Construct entry in type table
         self.lookup.insert(definition_id, DefinedType{
             ast_root: root_id,
@@ @@ -746,28 +865,28 @@ impl TypeTable { @@
         // Construct argument types
         let mut arguments = Vec::with_capacity(definition.parameters.len());
         for param_id in &definition.parameters {
             let param = &ctx.heap[*param_id];
             arguments.push(FunctionArgument{
                 identifier: param.identifier.clone(),
                 parser_type: param.parser_type.clone()
             })
+        }
         // Check conflict of argument and polyarg identifiers
-        self.check_identifier_collision(
+        Self::check_identifier_collision(
             modules, root_id, &arguments, |arg| &arg.identifier, "component argument"
         )?;
-        self.check_poly_args_collision(modules, ctx, root_id, &definition.poly_vars)?;
+        Self::check_poly_args_collision(modules, ctx, root_id, &definition.poly_vars)?;
         // Construct polymorphic arguments
         let mut poly_vars = Self::create_polymorphic_variables(&definition.poly_vars);
         for argument in &arguments {
             Self::mark_used_polymorphic_variables(&mut poly_vars, &argument.parser_type);
+        }
         let is_polymorph = poly_vars.iter().any(|v| v.is_in_use);
         // Construct entry in type table
         self.lookup.insert(definition_id, DefinedType{
             ast_root: root_id,
@@ @@ -787,79 +906,100 @@ impl TypeTable { @@
     /// Takes a ResolveResult and returns `true` if the caller can happily
     /// continue resolving its current type, or `false` if the caller must break
     /// resolving the current type and exit to the outer resolving loop. In the
     /// latter case the `result` value was `ResolveResult::Unresolved`, implying
     /// that the type must be resolved first.
     fn ingest_resolve_result(&mut self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &PassCtx, result: ResolveResult) -> Result<bool, ParseError> {
         match result {
             ResolveResult::Builtin | ResolveResult::PolymoprhicArgument => Ok(true),
             ResolveResult::Resolved(_, _) => Ok(true),
             ResolveResult::Unresolved(root_id, definition_id) => {
                 if self.iter.contains(root_id, definition_id) {
                     // Cyclic dependency encountered
                     // TODO: Allow this
                     let module_source = &modules[root_id.index as usize].source;
                 } else {
                     // Type is not yet resolved, so push IDs on iterator and
                     // continue the resolving loop
                     self.iter.push(root_id, definition_id);
                     Ok(false)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
     fn construct_cyclic_type_error(
         &self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &PassCtx, type_root_id: RootId, type_definition_id: DefinitionId
     ) -> ParseError {
         debug_assert!(self.iter.contains(type_root_id, type_definition_id));
         // Construct error message put at the top
         let module_source = &modules[type_root_id.index as usize].source;
         let mut error = ParseError::new_error_str_at_span(
-                        module_source, ctx.heap[definition_id].identifier().span,
+            module_source, ctx.heap[type_definition_id].identifier().span,
             "Evaluating this type definition results in a cyclic type"
         );
         // Show a listing of all dependent types.
         // TODO: Make more correct later
         for (breadcrumb_idx, (root_id, definition_id)) in self.iter.breadcrumbs.iter().enumerate() {
             let msg = if breadcrumb_idx == 0 {
                 "The cycle started with this definition"
             } else {
                 "Which depends on this definition"
             };
             let module_source = &modules[root_id.index as usize].source;
             error = error.with_info_str_at_span(module_source, ctx.heap[*definition_id].identifier().span, msg);
+        }
                     Err(error)
                 } else {
                     // Type is not yet resolved, so push IDs on iterator and
                     // continue the resolving loop
                     self.iter.push(root_id, definition_id);
                     Ok(false)
+                }
+            }
         return error;
+    }
     /// Will check if the member type (field of a struct, embedded type in a
     /// union variant) is valid.
     fn check_parser_type_for_base_definition(
         &self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &PassCtx, base_definition_root_id: RootId,
         member_parser_type: &ParserType, allow_special_compiler_types: bool
     ) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
         use ParserTypeVariant as PTV;
+    }
     /// Each type may consist of embedded types. If this type does not have a
     /// fixed implementation (e.g. an input port may have an embedded type
     /// indicating the type of messages, but it always exists in the runtime as
     /// a port identifier, so it has a fixed implementation) then this function
     /// will traverse the embedded types to ensure all of them are resolved.
     ///
     /// Hence if one checks a particular parser type for being resolved, one may
     /// get back a result value indicating an embedded type (with a different
     /// DefinitionId) is unresolved.
     fn resolve_base_parser_type(
         &mut self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &PassCtx, root_id: RootId,
-        parser_type: &ParserType, is_builtin: bool
+        parser_type: &ParserType, allow_special_compiler_types: bool
     ) -> Result<ResolveResult, ParseError> {
         use ParserTypeVariant as PTV;
         // Result for the very first time we resolve a type (i.e the outer type
         // that we're actually looking up)
         let mut resolve_result = None;
         let mut set_resolve_result = |v: ResolveResult| {
             if resolve_result.is_none() { resolve_result = Some(v); }
         };
         for element in parser_type.elements.iter() {
             match element.variant {
                 PTV::Void | PTV::InputOrOutput | PTV::ArrayLike | PTV::IntegerLike => {
-                    if is_builtin {
+                    if allow_special_compiler_types {
                         set_resolve_result(ResolveResult::Builtin);
                     } else {
                         unreachable!("compiler-only ParserTypeVariant within type definition");
+                    }
                 },
                 PTV::Message | PTV::Bool |
                 PTV::UInt8 | PTV::UInt16 | PTV::UInt32 | PTV::UInt64 |
                 PTV::SInt8 | PTV::SInt16 | PTV::SInt32 | PTV::SInt64 |
                 PTV::Character | PTV::String |
                 PTV::Array | PTV::Input | PTV::Output => {
                     // Nothing to do: these are builtin types or types with a
                     // fixed implementation
@@ @@ -890,49 +1030,49 @@ impl TypeTable { @@
+                }
+            }
+        }
         // If here then all types in the embedded type's tree were resolved.
         debug_assert!(resolve_result.is_some(), "faulty logic in ParserType resolver");
         return Ok(resolve_result.unwrap())
+    }
     /// Go through a list of identifiers and ensure that all identifiers have
     /// unique names
     fn check_identifier_collision<T: Sized, F: Fn(&T) -> &Identifier>(
-        &self, modules: &[Module], root_id: RootId, items: &[T], getter: F, item_name: &'static str
         modules: &[Module], root_id: RootId, items: &[T], getter: F, item_name: &'static str
     ) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
         for (item_idx, item) in items.iter().enumerate() {
             let item_ident = getter(item);
             for other_item in &items[0..item_idx] {
                 let other_item_ident = getter(other_item);
                 if item_ident == other_item_ident {
                     let module_source = &modules[root_id.index as usize].source;
                     return Err(ParseError::new_error_at_span(
                         module_source, item_ident.span, format!("This {} is defined more than once", item_name)
                     ).with_info_at_span(
                         module_source, other_item_ident.span, format!("The other {} is defined here", item_name)
                     ));
+                }
+            }
+        }
         Ok(())
+    }
     /// Go through a list of polymorphic arguments and make sure that the
     /// arguments all have unique names, and the arguments do not conflict with
     /// any symbols defined at the module scope.
     fn check_poly_args_collision(
-        &self, modules: &[Module], ctx: &PassCtx, root_id: RootId, poly_args: &[Identifier]
         modules: &[Module], ctx: &PassCtx, root_id: RootId, poly_args: &[Identifier]
     ) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
         // Make sure polymorphic arguments are unique and none of the
         // identifiers conflict with any imported scopes
         for (arg_idx, poly_arg) in poly_args.iter().enumerate() {
             for other_poly_arg in &poly_args[..arg_idx] {
                 if poly_arg == other_poly_arg {
                     let module_source = &modules[root_id.index as usize].source;
                     return Err(ParseError::new_error_str_at_span(
                         module_source, poly_arg.span,
                         "This polymorphic argument is defined more than once"
                     ).with_info_str_at_span(
                         module_source, other_poly_arg.span,
@@ @@ -952,24 +1092,95 @@ impl TypeTable { @@
                     "This polymorphic argument conflicts with another symbol"
                 ).with_info_str_at_span(
                     module_source, introduction_span,
                     "It conflicts due to this symbol"
                 ));
+            }
+        }
         // All arguments are fine
         Ok(())
+    }
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Breadcrumb management
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     /// Pushes a breadcrumb for a particular definition. The field in the
     /// breadcrumb tracking progress in defining the type will be preallocated
     /// as best as possible.
     fn push_breadcrumb_for_definition(&mut self, ctx: &PassCtx, definition_id: DefinitionId) {
         let definition = &ctx.heap[definition_id];
         let (root_id, progression) = match definition {
             Definition::Struct(definition) => {
+                (
                     definition.defined_in,
                     DefinedTypeVariant::Struct(StructType{
                         fields: Vec::with_capacity(definition.fields.len()),
                         monomorphs: Vec::new(),
                     })
+                )
             },
             Definition::Enum(definition) => {
+                (
                     definition.defined_in,
                     DefinedTypeVariant::Enum(EnumType{
                         variants: Vec::with_capacity(definition.variants.len()),
                         monomorphs: Vec::new(),
                     })
+                )
             },
             Definition::Union(definition) => {
+                (
                     definition.defined_in,
                     DefinedTypeVariant::Union(UnionType{
                         variants: Vec::with_capacity(definition.variants.len()),
                         monomorphs: Vec::new(),
                         requires_allocation: false,
                         contains_unallocated_variant: false
                     })
+                )
             },
             Definition::Component(definition) => {
+                (
                     definition.defined_in,
                     DefinedTypeVariant::Component(ComponentType{
                         variant: definition.variant,
                         arguments: Vec::with_capacity(definition.parameters.len()),
                         monomorphs: Vec::new(),
                     })
+                )
             },
             Definition::Function(definition) => {
+                (
                     definition.defined_in,
                     DefinedTypeVariant::Function(FunctionType{
                         return_types: Vec::with_capacity(1),
                         arguments: Vec::with_capacity(definition.parameters.len()),
                         monomorphs: Vec::new(),
                     })
+                )
+            }
         };
         self.breadcrumbs.push(ResolveBreadcrumb{
             root_id,
             definition_id,
             next_member: 0,
             next_embedded: 0,
             progression
         });
+    }
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     // Small utilities
     //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
     fn create_polymorphic_variables(variables: &[Identifier]) -> Vec<PolymorphicVariable> {
         let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(variables.len());
         for variable in variables.iter() {
             result.push(PolymorphicVariable{ identifier: variable.clone(), is_in_use: false });
+        }
         result
+    }

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