CSY/reowolf Changeset - e5b6cf935f31 · Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)

Changeset - e5b6cf935f31

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MH - 4 years ago 2021-04-07 09:38:21
henger@cwi.nl

cleanup of AST ids: alloc function now in macro

1 file changed with 83 insertions and 344 deletions:

src/protocol/ast.rs

344

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src/protocol/ast.rs

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 // TODO: @cleanup, rigorous cleanup of dead code and silly object-oriented
 //  trait impls where I deem them unfit.
 use std::fmt;
 use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter};
 use std::ops::{Index, IndexMut};
 use super::arena::{Arena, Id};
 use crate::protocol::inputsource::*;
 /// Global limits to the AST, should be checked by lexer and parser. Some are
 /// arbitrary
 const MAX_LEVEL: usize = 128;
 const MAX_NAMESPACES: usize = 64;
 /// Helper macro that defines a type alias for a AST element ID. In this case
 /// only used to alias the `Id<T>` types.
 macro_rules! define_aliased_ast_id {
     // Variant where we just defined the alias, without any indexing
     ($name:ident, $parent:ty) => {
         pub type $name = $parent;
     };
     // Variant where we define the type, and the Index and IndexMut traits
     ($name:ident, $parent:ty, $indexed_type:ty, $indexed_arena:ident) => {
+    (
         $name:ident, $parent:ty,
         index($indexed_type:ty, $indexed_arena:ident)
     ) => {
         define_aliased_ast_id!($name, $parent);
         impl Index<$name> for Heap {
             type Output = $indexed_type;
             fn index(&self, index: $name) -> &Self::Output {
                 &self.$indexed_arena[index]
+            }
+        }
         impl IndexMut<$name> for Heap {
             fn index_mut(&mut self, index: $name) -> &mut Self::Output {
                 &mut self.$indexed_arena[index]
+            }
+        }
+    }
     };
     // Variant where we define type, Index(Mut) traits and an allocation function
+    (
         $name:ident, $parent:ty,
         index($indexed_type:ty, $indexed_arena:ident),
         alloc($fn_name:ident)
     ) => {
         define_aliased_ast_id!($name, $parent, index($indexed_type, $indexed_arena));
         impl Heap {
             pub fn $fn_name(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce($name) -> $indexed_type) -> $name {
                 self.$indexed_arena.alloc_with_id(|id| f(id))
+            }
+        }
     };
+}
 /// Helper macro that defines a wrapper type for a particular variant of an AST
 /// element ID. Only used to define single-wrapping IDs.
 macro_rules! define_new_ast_id {
     // Variant where we just defined the new type, without any indexing
     ($name:ident, $parent:ty) => {
         #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
         pub struct $name (pub(crate) $parent);
         impl $name {
             pub fn upcast(self) -> $parent {
                 self.0
+            }
+        }
     };
     // Variant where we define the type, and the Index and IndexMut traits
     ($name:ident, $parent:ty, $indexed_type:ty, $wrapper_type:path, $indexed_arena:ident) => {
+    (
         $name:ident, $parent:ty,
         index($indexed_type:ty, $wrapper_type:path, $indexed_arena:ident)
     ) => {
         define_new_ast_id!($name, $parent);
         impl Index<$name> for Heap {
             type Output = $indexed_type;
             fn index(&self, index: $name) -> &Self::Output {
                 if let $wrapper_type(v) = &self.$indexed_arena[index.0] {
+                    v
                 } else {
                     unreachable!()
+                }
+            }
+        }
         impl IndexMut<$name> for Heap {
             fn index_mut(&mut self, index: $name) -> &mut Self::Output {
                 if let $wrapper_type(v) = &mut self.$indexed_arena[index.0] {
+                    v
                 } else {
                     unreachable!()
+                }
+            }
+        }
     };
     // Variant where we define the type, the Index and IndexMut traits, and an allocation function
+    (
         $name:ident, $parent:ty,
         index($indexed_type:ty, $wrapper_type:path, $indexed_arena:ident),
         alloc($fn_name:ident)
     ) => {
         define_new_ast_id!($name, $parent, index($indexed_type, $wrapper_type, $indexed_arena));
         impl Heap {
             pub fn $fn_name(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce($name) -> $indexed_type) -> $name {
                 $name(
                     self.$indexed_arena.alloc_with_id(|id| {
                         $wrapper_type(f($name(id)))
                     })
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
 define_aliased_ast_id!(RootId, Id<Root>, Root, protocol_descriptions);
 define_aliased_ast_id!(PragmaId, Id<Pragma>, Pragma, pragmas);
 define_aliased_ast_id!(ImportId, Id<Import>, Import, imports);
 define_aliased_ast_id!(ParserTypeId, Id<ParserType>, ParserType, parser_types);
 define_aliased_ast_id!(RootId, Id<Root>, index(Root, protocol_descriptions), alloc(alloc_protocol_description));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(PragmaId, Id<Pragma>, index(Pragma, pragmas), alloc(alloc_pragma));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(ImportId, Id<Import>, index(Import, imports), alloc(alloc_import));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(ParserTypeId, Id<ParserType>, index(ParserType, parser_types), alloc(alloc_parser_type));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(VariableId, Id<Variable>, Variable, variables);
 define_new_ast_id!(ParameterId, VariableId, Parameter, Variable::Parameter, variables);
 define_new_ast_id!(LocalId, VariableId, Local, Variable::Local, variables);
 define_aliased_ast_id!(VariableId, Id<Variable>, index(Variable, variables));
 define_new_ast_id!(ParameterId, VariableId, index(Parameter, Variable::Parameter, variables), alloc(alloc_parameter));
 define_new_ast_id!(LocalId, VariableId, index(Local, Variable::Local, variables), alloc(alloc_local));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(DefinitionId, Id<Definition>, Definition, definitions);
 define_new_ast_id!(StructId, DefinitionId, StructDefinition, Definition::Struct, definitions);
 define_new_ast_id!(EnumId, DefinitionId, EnumDefinition, Definition::Enum, definitions);
 define_new_ast_id!(UnionId, DefinitionId, UnionDefinition, Definition::Union, definitions);
 define_new_ast_id!(ComponentId, DefinitionId, Component, Definition::Component, definitions);
 define_new_ast_id!(FunctionId, DefinitionId, Function, Definition::Function, definitions);
 define_aliased_ast_id!(DefinitionId, Id<Definition>, index(Definition, definitions));
 define_new_ast_id!(StructId, DefinitionId, index(StructDefinition, Definition::Struct, definitions), alloc(alloc_struct_definition));
 define_new_ast_id!(EnumId, DefinitionId, index(EnumDefinition, Definition::Enum, definitions), alloc(alloc_enum_definition));
 define_new_ast_id!(UnionId, DefinitionId, index(UnionDefinition, Definition::Union, definitions), alloc(alloc_union_definition));
 define_new_ast_id!(ComponentId, DefinitionId, index(Component, Definition::Component, definitions), alloc(alloc_component));
 define_new_ast_id!(FunctionId, DefinitionId, index(Function, Definition::Function, definitions), alloc(alloc_function));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(StatementId, Id<Statement>, Statement, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(BlockStatementId, StatementId, BlockStatement, Statement::Block, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(LocalStatementId, StatementId, LocalStatement, Statement::Local, statements);
 define_aliased_ast_id!(StatementId, Id<Statement>, index(Statement, statements));
 define_new_ast_id!(BlockStatementId, StatementId, index(BlockStatement, Statement::Block, statements), alloc(alloc_block_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(LocalStatementId, StatementId, index(LocalStatement, Statement::Local, statements), alloc(alloc_local_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(MemoryStatementId, LocalStatementId);
 define_new_ast_id!(ChannelStatementId, LocalStatementId);
 define_new_ast_id!(SkipStatementId, StatementId, SkipStatement, Statement::Skip, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(LabeledStatementId, StatementId, LabeledStatement, Statement::Labeled, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(IfStatementId, StatementId, IfStatement, Statement::If, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(EndIfStatementId, StatementId, EndIfStatement, Statement::EndIf, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(WhileStatementId, StatementId, WhileStatement, Statement::While, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(EndWhileStatementId, StatementId, EndWhileStatement, Statement::EndWhile, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(BreakStatementId, StatementId, BreakStatement, Statement::Break, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(ContinueStatementId, StatementId, ContinueStatement, Statement::Continue, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(SynchronousStatementId, StatementId, SynchronousStatement, Statement::Synchronous, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(EndSynchronousStatementId, StatementId, EndSynchronousStatement, Statement::EndSynchronous, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(ReturnStatementId, StatementId, ReturnStatement, Statement::Return, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(AssertStatementId, StatementId, AssertStatement, Statement::Assert, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(GotoStatementId, StatementId, GotoStatement, Statement::Goto, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(NewStatementId, StatementId, NewStatement, Statement::New, statements);
 define_new_ast_id!(ExpressionStatementId, StatementId, ExpressionStatement, Statement::Expression, statements);
 define_aliased_ast_id!(ExpressionId, Id<Expression>, Expression, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(AssignmentExpressionId, ExpressionId, AssignmentExpression, Expression::Assignment, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(ConditionalExpressionId, ExpressionId, ConditionalExpression, Expression::Conditional, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(BinaryExpressionId, ExpressionId, BinaryExpression, Expression::Binary, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(UnaryExpressionId, ExpressionId, UnaryExpression, Expression::Unary, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(IndexingExpressionId, ExpressionId, IndexingExpression, Expression::Indexing, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(SlicingExpressionId, ExpressionId, SlicingExpression, Expression::Slicing, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(SelectExpressionId, ExpressionId, SelectExpression, Expression::Select, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(ArrayExpressionId, ExpressionId, ArrayExpression, Expression::Array, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(LiteralExpressionId, ExpressionId, LiteralExpression, Expression::Literal, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(CallExpressionId, ExpressionId, CallExpression, Expression::Call, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(VariableExpressionId, ExpressionId, VariableExpression, Expression::Variable, expressions);
 define_new_ast_id!(SkipStatementId, StatementId, index(SkipStatement, Statement::Skip, statements), alloc(alloc_skip_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(LabeledStatementId, StatementId, index(LabeledStatement, Statement::Labeled, statements), alloc(alloc_labeled_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(IfStatementId, StatementId, index(IfStatement, Statement::If, statements), alloc(alloc_if_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(EndIfStatementId, StatementId, index(EndIfStatement, Statement::EndIf, statements), alloc(alloc_end_if_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(WhileStatementId, StatementId, index(WhileStatement, Statement::While, statements), alloc(alloc_while_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(EndWhileStatementId, StatementId, index(EndWhileStatement, Statement::EndWhile, statements), alloc(alloc_end_while_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(BreakStatementId, StatementId, index(BreakStatement, Statement::Break, statements), alloc(alloc_break_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(ContinueStatementId, StatementId, index(ContinueStatement, Statement::Continue, statements), alloc(alloc_continue_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(SynchronousStatementId, StatementId, index(SynchronousStatement, Statement::Synchronous, statements), alloc(alloc_synchronous_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(EndSynchronousStatementId, StatementId, index(EndSynchronousStatement, Statement::EndSynchronous, statements), alloc(alloc_end_synchronous_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(ReturnStatementId, StatementId, index(ReturnStatement, Statement::Return, statements), alloc(alloc_return_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(AssertStatementId, StatementId, index(AssertStatement, Statement::Assert, statements), alloc(alloc_assert_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(GotoStatementId, StatementId, index(GotoStatement, Statement::Goto, statements), alloc(alloc_goto_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(NewStatementId, StatementId, index(NewStatement, Statement::New, statements), alloc(alloc_new_statement));
 define_new_ast_id!(ExpressionStatementId, StatementId, index(ExpressionStatement, Statement::Expression, statements), alloc(alloc_expression_statement));
 define_aliased_ast_id!(ExpressionId, Id<Expression>, index(Expression, expressions));
 define_new_ast_id!(AssignmentExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(AssignmentExpression, Expression::Assignment, expressions), alloc(alloc_assignment_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(ConditionalExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(ConditionalExpression, Expression::Conditional, expressions), alloc(alloc_conditional_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(BinaryExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(BinaryExpression, Expression::Binary, expressions), alloc(alloc_binary_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(UnaryExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(UnaryExpression, Expression::Unary, expressions), alloc(alloc_unary_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(IndexingExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(IndexingExpression, Expression::Indexing, expressions), alloc(alloc_indexing_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(SlicingExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(SlicingExpression, Expression::Slicing, expressions), alloc(alloc_slicing_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(SelectExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(SelectExpression, Expression::Select, expressions), alloc(alloc_select_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(ArrayExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(ArrayExpression, Expression::Array, expressions), alloc(alloc_array_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(LiteralExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(LiteralExpression, Expression::Literal, expressions), alloc(alloc_literal_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(CallExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(CallExpression, Expression::Call, expressions), alloc(alloc_call_expression));
 define_new_ast_id!(VariableExpressionId, ExpressionId, index(VariableExpression, Expression::Variable, expressions), alloc(alloc_variable_expression));
 // TODO: @cleanup - pub qualifiers can be removed once done
 #[derive(Debug, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct Heap {
     // Root arena, contains the entry point for different modules. Each root
     // contains lists of IDs that correspond to the other arenas.
     pub(crate) protocol_descriptions: Arena<Root>,
     // Contents of a file, these are the elements the `Root` elements refer to
     pragmas: Arena<Pragma>,
     pub(crate) imports: Arena<Import>,
     identifiers: Arena<Identifier>,
     pub(crate) parser_types: Arena<ParserType>,
     pub(crate) variables: Arena<Variable>,
     pub(crate) definitions: Arena<Definition>,
     pub(crate) statements: Arena<Statement>,
     pub(crate) expressions: Arena<Expression>,
+}
 impl Heap {
     pub fn new() -> Heap {
         Heap {
             // string_alloc: StringAllocator::new(),
             protocol_descriptions: Arena::new(),
             pragmas: Arena::new(),
             imports: Arena::new(),
             identifiers: Arena::new(),
             parser_types: Arena::new(),
             variables: Arena::new(),
             definitions: Arena::new(),
             statements: Arena::new(),
             expressions: Arena::new(),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn alloc_parser_type(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(ParserTypeId) -> ParserType,
     ) -> ParserTypeId {
         self.parser_types.alloc_with_id(|id| f(id))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_parameter(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(ParameterId) -> Parameter) -> ParameterId {
         ParameterId(
             self.variables.alloc_with_id(|id| Variable::Parameter(f(ParameterId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_local(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(LocalId) -> Local) -> LocalId {
         LocalId(
             self.variables.alloc_with_id(|id| Variable::Local(f(LocalId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_assignment_expression(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(AssignmentExpressionId) -> AssignmentExpression,
     ) -> AssignmentExpressionId {
         AssignmentExpressionId(
             self.expressions.alloc_with_id(|id| {
                 Expression::Assignment(f(AssignmentExpressionId(id)))
             })
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_conditional_expression(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(ConditionalExpressionId) -> ConditionalExpression,
     ) -> ConditionalExpressionId {
         ConditionalExpressionId(
             self.expressions.alloc_with_id(|id| {
                 Expression::Conditional(f(ConditionalExpressionId(id)))
             })
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_binary_expression(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(BinaryExpressionId) -> BinaryExpression,
     ) -> BinaryExpressionId {
         BinaryExpressionId(
             self.expressions
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Expression::Binary(f(BinaryExpressionId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_unary_expression(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(UnaryExpressionId) -> UnaryExpression,
     ) -> UnaryExpressionId {
         UnaryExpressionId(
             self.expressions
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Expression::Unary(f(UnaryExpressionId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_slicing_expression(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(SlicingExpressionId) -> SlicingExpression,
     ) -> SlicingExpressionId {
         SlicingExpressionId(
             self.expressions
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Expression::Slicing(f(SlicingExpressionId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_indexing_expression(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(IndexingExpressionId) -> IndexingExpression,
     ) -> IndexingExpressionId {
         IndexingExpressionId(
             self.expressions.alloc_with_id(|id| {
                 Expression::Indexing(f(IndexingExpressionId(id)))
             }),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_select_expression(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(SelectExpressionId) -> SelectExpression,
     ) -> SelectExpressionId {
         SelectExpressionId(
             self.expressions
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Expression::Select(f(SelectExpressionId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_array_expression(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(ArrayExpressionId) -> ArrayExpression,
     ) -> ArrayExpressionId {
         ArrayExpressionId(
             self.expressions
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Expression::Array(f(ArrayExpressionId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_literal_expression(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(LiteralExpressionId) -> LiteralExpression,
     ) -> LiteralExpressionId {
         LiteralExpressionId(
             self.expressions.alloc_with_id(|id| {
                 Expression::Literal(f(LiteralExpressionId(id)))
             }),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_call_expression(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(CallExpressionId) -> CallExpression,
     ) -> CallExpressionId {
         CallExpressionId(
             self.expressions
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Expression::Call(f(CallExpressionId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_variable_expression(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(VariableExpressionId) -> VariableExpression,
     ) -> VariableExpressionId {
         VariableExpressionId(
             self.expressions.alloc_with_id(|id| {
                 Expression::Variable(f(VariableExpressionId(id)))
             }),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_block_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(BlockStatementId) -> BlockStatement,
     ) -> BlockStatementId {
         BlockStatementId(
             self.statements
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::Block(f(BlockStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_memory_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(MemoryStatementId) -> MemoryStatement,
     ) -> MemoryStatementId {
         MemoryStatementId(LocalStatementId(self.statements.alloc_with_id(|id| {
             Statement::Local(LocalStatement::Memory(
                 f(MemoryStatementId(LocalStatementId(id)))
             ))
         })))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_channel_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(ChannelStatementId) -> ChannelStatement,
     ) -> ChannelStatementId {
         ChannelStatementId(LocalStatementId(self.statements.alloc_with_id(|id| {
             Statement::Local(LocalStatement::Channel(
                 f(ChannelStatementId(LocalStatementId(id)))
             ))
         })))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_skip_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(SkipStatementId) -> SkipStatement,
     ) -> SkipStatementId {
         SkipStatementId(
             self.statements
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::Skip(f(SkipStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_if_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(IfStatementId) -> IfStatement,
     ) -> IfStatementId {
         IfStatementId(
             self.statements.alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::If(f(IfStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_end_if_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(EndIfStatementId) -> EndIfStatement,
     ) -> EndIfStatementId {
         EndIfStatementId(
             self.statements
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::EndIf(f(EndIfStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_while_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(WhileStatementId) -> WhileStatement,
     ) -> WhileStatementId {
         WhileStatementId(
             self.statements
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::While(f(WhileStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_end_while_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(EndWhileStatementId) -> EndWhileStatement,
     ) -> EndWhileStatementId {
         EndWhileStatementId(
             self.statements
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::EndWhile(f(EndWhileStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_break_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(BreakStatementId) -> BreakStatement,
     ) -> BreakStatementId {
         BreakStatementId(
             self.statements
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::Break(f(BreakStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_continue_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(ContinueStatementId) -> ContinueStatement,
     ) -> ContinueStatementId {
         ContinueStatementId(
             self.statements
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::Continue(f(ContinueStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_synchronous_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(SynchronousStatementId) -> SynchronousStatement,
     ) -> SynchronousStatementId {
         SynchronousStatementId(self.statements.alloc_with_id(|id| {
             Statement::Synchronous(f(SynchronousStatementId(id)))
         }))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_end_synchronous_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(EndSynchronousStatementId) -> EndSynchronousStatement,
     ) -> EndSynchronousStatementId {
         EndSynchronousStatementId(self.statements.alloc_with_id(|id| {
             Statement::EndSynchronous(f(EndSynchronousStatementId(id)))
         }))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_return_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(ReturnStatementId) -> ReturnStatement,
     ) -> ReturnStatementId {
         ReturnStatementId(
             self.statements
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::Return(f(ReturnStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_assert_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(AssertStatementId) -> AssertStatement,
     ) -> AssertStatementId {
         AssertStatementId(
             self.statements
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::Assert(f(AssertStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_goto_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(GotoStatementId) -> GotoStatement,
     ) -> GotoStatementId {
         GotoStatementId(
             self.statements
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::Goto(f(GotoStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_new_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(NewStatementId) -> NewStatement,
     ) -> NewStatementId {
         NewStatementId(
             self.statements.alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::New(f(NewStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_labeled_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(LabeledStatementId) -> LabeledStatement,
     ) -> LabeledStatementId {
         LabeledStatementId(
             self.statements
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Statement::Labeled(f(LabeledStatementId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_expression_statement(
         &mut self,
         f: impl FnOnce(ExpressionStatementId) -> ExpressionStatement,
     ) -> ExpressionStatementId {
         ExpressionStatementId(
             self.statements.alloc_with_id(|id| {
                 Statement::Expression(f(ExpressionStatementId(id)))
             }),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_struct_definition(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(StructId) -> StructDefinition) -> StructId {
         StructId(self.definitions.alloc_with_id(|id| {
             Definition::Struct(f(StructId(id)))
         }))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_enum_definition(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(EnumId) -> EnumDefinition) -> EnumId {
         EnumId(self.definitions.alloc_with_id(|id| {
             Definition::Enum(f(EnumId(id)))
         }))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_union_definition(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(UnionId) -> UnionDefinition) -> UnionId {
         UnionId(self.definitions.alloc_with_id(|id| {
             Definition::Union(f(UnionId(id)))
         }))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_component(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(ComponentId) -> Component) -> ComponentId {
         ComponentId(self.definitions.alloc_with_id(|id| {
             Definition::Component(f(ComponentId(id)))
         }))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_function(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(FunctionId) -> Function) -> FunctionId {
         FunctionId(
             self.definitions
                 .alloc_with_id(|id| Definition::Function(f(FunctionId(id)))),
+        )
+    }
     pub fn alloc_pragma(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(PragmaId) -> Pragma) -> PragmaId {
         self.pragmas.alloc_with_id(|id| f(id))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_import(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(ImportId) -> Import) -> ImportId {
         self.imports.alloc_with_id(|id| f(id))
+    }
     pub fn alloc_protocol_description(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(RootId) -> Root) -> RootId {
         self.protocol_descriptions.alloc_with_id(|id| f(id))
+    }
+}
 impl Index<MemoryStatementId> for Heap {
     type Output = MemoryStatement;
     fn index(&self, index: MemoryStatementId) -> &Self::Output {
         &self.statements[index.0.0].as_memory()
+    }
+}
 impl Index<ChannelStatementId> for Heap {
     type Output = ChannelStatement;
     fn index(&self, index: ChannelStatementId) -> &Self::Output {
         &self.statements[index.0.0].as_channel()
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct Root {
     pub this: RootId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub pragmas: Vec<PragmaId>,
     pub imports: Vec<ImportId>,
     pub definitions: Vec<DefinitionId>,
+}
 impl Root {
     pub fn get_definition_ident(&self, h: &Heap, id: &[u8]) -> Option<DefinitionId> {
         for &def in self.definitions.iter() {
             if h[def].identifier().value == id {
                 return Some(def);
+            }
+        }
         None
+    }
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for Root {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum Pragma {
     Version(PragmaVersion),
     Module(PragmaModule)
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct PragmaVersion {
     pub this: PragmaId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub version: u64,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct PragmaModule {
     pub this: PragmaId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub value: Vec<u8>,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct PragmaOld {
     pub this: PragmaId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub value: Vec<u8>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for PragmaOld {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum Import {
     Module(ImportModule),
     Symbols(ImportSymbols)
+}
 impl Import {
     pub(crate) fn as_module(&self) -> &ImportModule {
         match self {
             Import::Module(m) => m,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Import' to 'ImportModule'")
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_symbols(&self) -> &ImportSymbols {
         match self {
             Import::Symbols(m) => m,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Import' to 'ImportSymbols'")
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for Import {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         match self {
             Import::Module(m) => m.position,
             Import::Symbols(m) => m.position
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct ImportModule {
     pub this: ImportId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub module_name: Vec<u8>,
     pub alias: Identifier,
     // Phase 2: module resolving
     pub module_id: Option<RootId>,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct AliasedSymbol {
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub name: Identifier,
     pub alias: Identifier,
     // Phase 2: symbol resolving
     pub definition_id: Option<DefinitionId>,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct ImportSymbols {
     pub this: ImportId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub module_name: Vec<u8>,
     // Phase 2: module resolving
     pub module_id: Option<RootId>,
     // Phase 1&2
     // if symbols is empty, then we implicitly import all symbols without any
     // aliases for them. If it is not empty, then symbols are explicitly
     // specified, and optionally given an alias.
     pub symbols: Vec<AliasedSymbol>,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct Identifier {
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub value: Vec<u8>
+}
 impl PartialEq for Identifier {
     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         return self.value == other.value
+    }
+}
 impl Display for Identifier {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         // A source identifier is in ASCII range.
         write!(f, "{}", String::from_utf8_lossy(&self.value))
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum NamespacedIdentifierPart {
     // Regular identifier
     Identifier{start: u16, end: u16},
     // Polyargs associated with a preceding identifier
     PolyArgs{start: u16, end: u16},
+}
 impl NamespacedIdentifierPart {
     pub(crate) fn is_identifier(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             NamespacedIdentifierPart::Identifier{..} => true,
             NamespacedIdentifierPart::PolyArgs{..} => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_identifier(&self) -> (u16, u16) {
         match self {
             NamespacedIdentifierPart::Identifier{start, end} => (*start, *end),
             NamespacedIdentifierPart::PolyArgs{..} => {
                 unreachable!("Tried to obtain {:?} as Identifier", self);
+            }
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_poly_args(&self) -> (u16, u16) {
         match self {
             NamespacedIdentifierPart::PolyArgs{start, end} => (*start, *end),
             NamespacedIdentifierPart::Identifier{..} => {
                 unreachable!("Tried to obtain {:?} as PolyArgs", self)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
 /// An identifier with optional namespaces and polymorphic variables. Note that
 /// we allow each identifier to be followed by polymorphic arguments during the
 /// parsing phase (e.g. Foo<A,B>::Bar<C,D>::Qux). But in our current language
 /// implementation we can only have valid namespaced identifier that contain one
 /// set of polymorphic arguments at the appropriate position.
 /// TODO: @tokens Reimplement/rename once we have a tokenizer
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct NamespacedIdentifier {
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub value: Vec<u8>, // Full name as it resides in the input source
     pub poly_args: Vec<ParserTypeId>, // All poly args littered throughout the namespaced identifier
     pub parts: Vec<NamespacedIdentifierPart>, // Indices into value/poly_args
+}
 impl NamespacedIdentifier {
     /// Returns the identifier value without any of the specific polymorphic
     /// arguments.
     pub fn strip_poly_args(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
         debug_assert!(!self.parts.is_empty() && self.parts[0].is_identifier());
         let mut result = Vec::with_capacity(self.value.len());
         let mut iter = self.iter();
         let (first_ident, _) = iter.next().unwrap();
         result.extend(first_ident);
         for (ident, _) in iter.next() {
             result.push(b':');
             result.push(b':');
             result.extend(ident);
+        }
         result
+    }
     /// Returns an iterator of the elements in the namespaced identifier
     pub fn iter(&self) -> NamespacedIdentifierIter {
         return NamespacedIdentifierIter{
             identifier: self,
             element_idx: 0
+        }
+    }
     pub fn get_poly_args(&self) -> Option<&[ParserTypeId]> {
         let has_poly_args = self.parts.iter().any(|v| !v.is_identifier());
         if has_poly_args {
             Some(&self.poly_args)
         } else {
             None
+        }
+    }
     // Check if two namespaced identifiers match eachother when not considering
     // the polymorphic arguments
     pub fn matches_namespaced_identifier(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
         let mut iter_self = self.iter();
         let mut iter_other = other.iter();
         loop {
             let val_self = iter_self.next();
             let val_other = iter_other.next();
             if val_self.is_some() != val_other.is_some() {
                 // One is longer than the other
                 return false;
+            }
             if val_self.is_none() {
                 // Both are none
                 return true;
+            }
             // Both are something
             let (val_self, _) = val_self.unwrap();
             let (val_other, _) = val_other.unwrap();
             if val_self != val_other { return false; }
+        }
+    }
     // Check if the namespaced identifier matches an identifier when not
     // considering the polymorphic arguments
     pub fn matches_identifier(&self, other: &Identifier) -> bool {
         let mut iter = self.iter();
         let (first_ident, _) = iter.next().unwrap();
         if first_ident != other.value {
             return false;
+        }
         if iter.next().is_some() {
             return false;
+        }
         return true;
+    }
+}
 /// Iterator over elements of the namespaced identifier. The element index will
 /// only ever be at the start of an identifier element.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct NamespacedIdentifierIter<'a> {
     identifier: &'a NamespacedIdentifier,
     element_idx: usize,
+}
 impl<'a> Iterator for NamespacedIdentifierIter<'a> {
     type Item = (&'a [u8], Option<&'a [ParserTypeId]>);
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         match self.get(self.element_idx) {
             Some((ident, poly)) => {
                 self.element_idx += 1;
                 if poly.is_some() {
                     self.element_idx += 1;
+                }
                 Some((ident, poly))
             },
             None => None
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl<'a> NamespacedIdentifierIter<'a> {
     /// Returns number of parts iterated over, may not correspond to number of
     /// times one called `next()` because returning an identifier with
     /// polymorphic arguments increments the internal counter by 2.
     pub fn num_returned(&self) -> usize {
         return self.element_idx;
+    }
     pub fn num_remaining(&self) -> usize {
         return self.identifier.parts.len() - self.element_idx;
+    }
     pub fn returned_section(&self) -> &[u8] {
         if self.element_idx == 0 { return &self.identifier.value[0..0]; }
         let last_idx = match &self.identifier.parts[self.element_idx - 1] {
             NamespacedIdentifierPart::Identifier{end, ..} => *end,
             NamespacedIdentifierPart::PolyArgs{end, ..} => *end,
         };
         return &self.identifier.value[..last_idx as usize];
+    }
     /// Returns a specific element from the namespaced identifier
     pub fn get(&self, idx: usize) -> Option<<Self as Iterator>::Item> {
         if idx >= self.identifier.parts.len() {
             return None
+        }
         let cur_part = &self.identifier.parts[idx];
         let next_part = self.identifier.parts.get(idx + 1);
         let (ident_start, ident_end) = cur_part.as_identifier();
         let poly_slice = match next_part {
             Some(part) => match part {
                 NamespacedIdentifierPart::Identifier{..} => None,
                 NamespacedIdentifierPart::PolyArgs{start, end} => Some(
                     &self.identifier.poly_args[*start as usize..*end as usize]
                 ),
             },
             None => None
         };
         Some((
             &self.identifier.value[ident_start as usize..ident_end as usize],
             poly_slice
         ))
+    }
     /// Returns the previously returend index into the parts array of the
     /// identifier.
     pub fn prev_idx(&self) -> Option<usize> {
         if self.element_idx == 0 {
             return None;
         };
         if self.identifier.parts[self.element_idx - 1].is_identifier() {
             return Some(self.element_idx - 1);
+        }
         // Previous part had polymorphic arguments, so the one before that must
         // be an identifier (if well formed)
         debug_assert!(self.element_idx >= 2 && self.identifier.parts[self.element_idx - 2].is_identifier());
         return Some(self.element_idx - 2)
+    }
     /// Returns the previously returned result from `next()`
     pub fn prev(&self) -> Option<<Self as Iterator>::Item> {
         match self.prev_idx() {
             None => None,
             Some(idx) => self.get(idx)
+        }
+    }
+}
 /// TODO: @types Remove the Message -> Byte hack at some point...
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum ParserTypeVariant {
     // Basic builtin
     Message,
     Bool,
     Byte,
     Short,
     Int,
     Long,
     String,
     // Literals (need to get concrete builtin type during typechecking)
     IntegerLiteral,
     Inferred,
     // Complex builtins
     Array(ParserTypeId), // array of a type
     Input(ParserTypeId), // typed input endpoint of a channel
     Output(ParserTypeId), // typed output endpoint of a channel
     Symbolic(SymbolicParserType), // symbolic type (definition or polyarg)
+}
 impl ParserTypeVariant {
     pub(crate) fn supports_polymorphic_args(&self) -> bool {
         use ParserTypeVariant::*;
         match self {
             Message | Bool | Byte | Short | Int | Long | String | IntegerLiteral | Inferred => false,
             _ => true
+        }
+    }
+}
 /// ParserType is a specification of a type during the parsing phase and initial
 /// linker/validator phase of the compilation process. These types may be
 /// (partially) inferred or represent literals (e.g. a integer whose bytesize is
 /// not yet determined).
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct ParserType {
     pub this: ParserTypeId,
     pub pos: InputPosition,
     pub variant: ParserTypeVariant,
+}
 /// SymbolicParserType is the specification of a symbolic type. During the
 /// parsing phase we will only store the identifier of the type. During the
 /// validation phase we will determine whether it refers to a user-defined type,
 /// or a polymorphic argument. After the validation phase it may still be the
 /// case that the resulting `variant` will not pass the typechecker.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct SymbolicParserType {
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub identifier: NamespacedIdentifier,
     // Phase 2: validation/linking (for types in function/component bodies) and
     //  type table construction (for embedded types of structs/unions)
     pub poly_args2: Vec<ParserTypeId>, // taken from identifier or inferred
     pub variant: Option<SymbolicParserTypeVariant>
+}
 /// Specifies whether the symbolic type points to an actual user-defined type,
 /// or whether it points to a polymorphic argument within the definition (e.g.
 /// a defined variable `T var` within a function `int func<T>()`
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum SymbolicParserTypeVariant {
     Definition(DefinitionId),
     // TODO: figure out if I need the DefinitionId here
     PolyArg(DefinitionId, usize), // index of polyarg in the definition
+}
 /// ConcreteType is the representation of a type after resolving symbolic types
 /// and performing type inference
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum ConcreteTypePart {
     // Markers for the use of polymorphic types within a procedure's body that
     // refer to polymorphic variables on the procedure's definition. Different
     // from markers in the `InferenceType`, these will not contain nested types.
     Marker(usize),
     // Special types (cannot be explicitly constructed by the programmer)
     Void,
     // Builtin types without nested types
     Message,
     Bool,
     Byte,
     Short,
     Int,
     Long,
     String,
     // Builtin types with one nested type
     Array,
     Slice,
     Input,
     Output,
     // User defined type with any number of nested types
     Instance(DefinitionId, usize),
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct ConcreteType {
     pub(crate) parts: Vec<ConcreteTypePart>
+}
 impl Default for ConcreteType {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self{ parts: Vec::new() }
+    }
+}
 impl ConcreteType {
     pub(crate) fn has_marker(&self) -> bool {
         self.parts
             .iter()
             .any(|p| {
                 if let ConcreteTypePart::Marker(_) = p { true } else { false }
             })
+    }
+}
 // TODO: Remove at some point
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum PrimitiveType {
     Unassigned,
     Input,
     Output,
     Message,
     Boolean,
     Byte,
     Short,
     Int,
     Long,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct Type {
     pub primitive: PrimitiveType,
     pub array: bool,
+}
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 impl Type {
     pub const UNASSIGNED: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Unassigned, array: false };
     pub const INPUT: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Input, array: false };
     pub const OUTPUT: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Output, array: false };
     pub const MESSAGE: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Message, array: false };
     pub const BOOLEAN: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Boolean, array: false };
     pub const BYTE: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Byte, array: false };
     pub const SHORT: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Short, array: false };
     pub const INT: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Int, array: false };
     pub const LONG: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Long, array: false };
     pub const INPUT_ARRAY: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Input, array: true };
     pub const OUTPUT_ARRAY: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Output, array: true };
     pub const MESSAGE_ARRAY: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Message, array: true };
     pub const BOOLEAN_ARRAY: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Boolean, array: true };
     pub const BYTE_ARRAY: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Byte, array: true };
     pub const SHORT_ARRAY: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Short, array: true };
     pub const INT_ARRAY: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Int, array: true };
     pub const LONG_ARRAY: Type = Type { primitive: PrimitiveType::Long, array: true };
+}
 impl Display for Type {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match &self.primitive {
             PrimitiveType::Unassigned => {
                 write!(f, "unassigned")?;
+            }
             PrimitiveType::Input => {
                 write!(f, "in")?;
+            }
             PrimitiveType::Output => {
                 write!(f, "out")?;
+            }
             PrimitiveType::Message => {
                 write!(f, "msg")?;
+            }
             PrimitiveType::Boolean => {
                 write!(f, "boolean")?;
+            }
             PrimitiveType::Byte => {
                 write!(f, "byte")?;
+            }
             PrimitiveType::Short => {
                 write!(f, "short")?;
+            }
             PrimitiveType::Int => {
                 write!(f, "int")?;
+            }
             PrimitiveType::Long => {
                 write!(f, "long")?;
+            }
+        }
         if self.array {
             write!(f, "[]")
         } else {
             Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum Field {
     Length,
     Symbolic(FieldSymbolic),
+}
 impl Field {
     pub fn is_length(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Field::Length => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_symbolic(&self) -> &FieldSymbolic {
         match self {
             Field::Symbolic(v) => v,
             _ => unreachable!("attempted to get Field::Symbolic from {:?}", self)
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct FieldSymbolic {
     // Phase 1: Parser
     pub(crate) identifier: Identifier,
     // Phase 3: Typing
     pub(crate) definition: Option<DefinitionId>,
     pub(crate) field_idx: usize,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum Scope {
     Definition(DefinitionId),
     Regular(BlockStatementId),
     Synchronous((SynchronousStatementId, BlockStatementId)),
+}
 impl Scope {
     pub fn is_block(&self) -> bool {
         match &self {
             Scope::Definition(_) => false,
             Scope::Regular(_) => true,
             Scope::Synchronous(_) => true,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn to_block(&self) -> BlockStatementId {
         match &self {
             Scope::Regular(id) => *id,
             Scope::Synchronous((_, id)) => *id,
             _ => panic!("unable to get BlockStatement from Scope")
+        }
+    }
+}
 pub trait VariableScope {
     fn parent_scope(&self, h: &Heap) -> Option<Scope>;
     fn get_variable(&self, h: &Heap, id: &Identifier) -> Option<VariableId>;
+}
 impl VariableScope for Scope {
     fn parent_scope(&self, h: &Heap) -> Option<Scope> {
         match self {
             Scope::Definition(def) => h[*def].parent_scope(h),
             Scope::Regular(stmt) => h[*stmt].parent_scope(h),
             Scope::Synchronous((stmt, _)) => h[*stmt].parent_scope(h),
+        }
+    }
     fn get_variable(&self, h: &Heap, id: &Identifier) -> Option<VariableId> {
         match self {
             Scope::Definition(def) => h[*def].get_variable(h, id),
             Scope::Regular(stmt) => h[*stmt].get_variable(h, id),
             Scope::Synchronous((stmt, _)) => h[*stmt].get_variable(h, id),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum Variable {
     Parameter(Parameter),
     Local(Local),
+}
 impl Variable {
     pub fn identifier(&self) -> &Identifier {
         match self {
             Variable::Parameter(var) => &var.identifier,
             Variable::Local(var) => &var.identifier,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn is_parameter(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Variable::Parameter(_) => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_parameter(&self) -> &Parameter {
         match self {
             Variable::Parameter(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Variable` to `Parameter`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_local(&self) -> &Local {
         match self {
             Variable::Local(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Variable` to `Local`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_local_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Local {
         match self {
             Variable::Local(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Variable' to 'Local'"),
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for Variable {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         match self {
             Variable::Parameter(decl) => decl.position(),
             Variable::Local(decl) => decl.position(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 /// TODO: Remove distinction between parameter/local and add an enum to indicate
 ///     the distinction between the two
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct Parameter {
     pub this: ParameterId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub parser_type: ParserTypeId,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for Parameter {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct Local {
     pub this: LocalId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub parser_type: ParserTypeId,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub relative_pos_in_block: u32,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for Local {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum Definition {
     Struct(StructDefinition),
     Enum(EnumDefinition),
     Union(UnionDefinition),
     Component(Component),
     Function(Function),
+}
 impl Definition {
     pub fn is_struct(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Definition::Struct(_) => true,
             _ => false
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_struct(&self) -> &StructDefinition {
         match self {
             Definition::Struct(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Definition' to 'StructDefinition'"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn is_enum(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Definition::Enum(_) => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_enum(&self) -> &EnumDefinition {
         match self {
             Definition::Enum(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Definition' to 'EnumDefinition'"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn is_union(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Definition::Union(_) => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_union(&self) -> &UnionDefinition {
         match self {
             Definition::Union(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Definition' to 'UnionDefinition'"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn is_component(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Definition::Component(_) => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_component(&self) -> &Component {
         match self {
             Definition::Component(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Definition` to `Component`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn is_function(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Definition::Function(_) => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_function(&self) -> &Function {
         match self {
             Definition::Function(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Definition` to `Function`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn identifier(&self) -> &Identifier {
         match self {
             Definition::Struct(def) => &def.identifier,
             Definition::Enum(def) => &def.identifier,
             Definition::Union(def) => &def.identifier,
             Definition::Component(def) => &def.identifier,
             Definition::Function(def) => &def.identifier,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn parameters(&self) -> &Vec<ParameterId> {
         // TODO: Fix this
         static EMPTY_VEC: Vec<ParameterId> = Vec::new();
         match self {
             Definition::Component(com) => &com.parameters,
             Definition::Function(fun) => &fun.parameters,
             _ => &EMPTY_VEC,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn body(&self) -> StatementId {
         // TODO: Fix this
         match self {
             Definition::Component(com) => com.body,
             Definition::Function(fun) => fun.body,
             _ => panic!("cannot retrieve body (for EnumDefinition or StructDefinition)")
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for Definition {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         match self {
             Definition::Struct(def) => def.position,
             Definition::Enum(def) => def.position,
             Definition::Union(def) => def.position,
             Definition::Component(def) => def.position(),
             Definition::Function(def) => def.position(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl VariableScope for Definition {
     fn parent_scope(&self, _h: &Heap) -> Option<Scope> {
         None
+    }
     fn get_variable(&self, h: &Heap, id: &Identifier) -> Option<VariableId> {
         for &parameter_id in self.parameters().iter() {
             let parameter = &h[parameter_id];
             if parameter.identifier == *id {
                 return Some(parameter_id.0);
+            }
+        }
         None
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct StructFieldDefinition {
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub field: Identifier,
     pub parser_type: ParserTypeId,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct StructDefinition {
     pub this: StructId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>,
     pub fields: Vec<StructFieldDefinition>
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum EnumVariantValue {
     None,
     Integer(i64),
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct EnumVariantDefinition {
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub value: EnumVariantValue,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct EnumDefinition {
     pub this: EnumId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>,
     pub variants: Vec<EnumVariantDefinition>,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum UnionVariantValue {
     None,
     Embedded(Vec<ParserTypeId>),
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct UnionVariantDefinition {
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub value: UnionVariantValue,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct UnionDefinition {
     pub this: UnionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>,
     pub variants: Vec<UnionVariantDefinition>,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum ComponentVariant {
     Primitive,
     Composite,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct Component {
     pub this: ComponentId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub variant: ComponentVariant,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>,
     pub parameters: Vec<ParameterId>,
     pub body: StatementId,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for Component {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct Function {
     pub this: FunctionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub return_type: ParserTypeId,
     pub identifier: Identifier,
     pub poly_vars: Vec<Identifier>,
     pub parameters: Vec<ParameterId>,
     pub body: StatementId,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for Function {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum Statement {
     Block(BlockStatement),
     Local(LocalStatement),
     Skip(SkipStatement),
     Labeled(LabeledStatement),
     If(IfStatement),
     EndIf(EndIfStatement),
     While(WhileStatement),
     EndWhile(EndWhileStatement),
     Break(BreakStatement),
     Continue(ContinueStatement),
     Synchronous(SynchronousStatement),
     EndSynchronous(EndSynchronousStatement),
     Return(ReturnStatement),
     Assert(AssertStatement),
     Goto(GotoStatement),
     New(NewStatement),
     Expression(ExpressionStatement),
+}
 impl Statement {
     pub fn as_block(&self) -> &BlockStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Block(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `BlockStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_block_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BlockStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Block(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `BlockStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_local(&self) -> &LocalStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Local(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `LocalStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_memory(&self) -> &MemoryStatement {
         self.as_local().as_memory()
+    }
     pub fn as_channel(&self) -> &ChannelStatement {
         self.as_local().as_channel()
+    }
     pub fn as_skip(&self) -> &SkipStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Skip(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `SkipStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_labeled(&self) -> &LabeledStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Labeled(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `LabeledStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_labeled_mut(&mut self) -> &mut LabeledStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Labeled(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `LabeledStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_if(&self) -> &IfStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::If(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `IfStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_if_mut(&mut self) -> &mut IfStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::If(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast 'Statement' to 'IfStatement'"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_end_if(&self) -> &EndIfStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::EndIf(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `EndIfStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn is_while(&self) -> bool {
         match self {
             Statement::While(_) => true,
             _ => false,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_while(&self) -> &WhileStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::While(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `WhileStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_while_mut(&mut self) -> &mut WhileStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::While(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `WhileStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_end_while(&self) -> &EndWhileStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::EndWhile(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `EndWhileStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_break(&self) -> &BreakStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Break(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `BreakStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_break_mut(&mut self) -> &mut BreakStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Break(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `BreakStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_continue(&self) -> &ContinueStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Continue(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `ContinueStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_continue_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ContinueStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Continue(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `ContinueStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_synchronous(&self) -> &SynchronousStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Synchronous(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `SynchronousStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_synchronous_mut(&mut self) -> &mut SynchronousStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Synchronous(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `SynchronousStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_end_synchronous(&self) -> &EndSynchronousStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::EndSynchronous(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `EndSynchronousStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_return(&self) -> &ReturnStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Return(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `ReturnStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_assert(&self) -> &AssertStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Assert(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `AssertStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_goto(&self) -> &GotoStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Goto(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `GotoStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_goto_mut(&mut self) -> &mut GotoStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Goto(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `GotoStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_new(&self) -> &NewStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::New(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `NewStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_expression(&self) -> &ExpressionStatement {
         match self {
             Statement::Expression(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Statement` to `ExpressionStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn link_next(&mut self, next: StatementId) {
         match self {
             Statement::Block(_) => todo!(),
             Statement::Local(stmt) => match stmt {
                 LocalStatement::Channel(stmt) => stmt.next = Some(next),
                 LocalStatement::Memory(stmt) => stmt.next = Some(next),
             },
             Statement::Skip(stmt) => stmt.next = Some(next),
             Statement::EndIf(stmt) => stmt.next = Some(next),
             Statement::EndWhile(stmt) => stmt.next = Some(next),
             Statement::EndSynchronous(stmt) => stmt.next = Some(next),
             Statement::Assert(stmt) => stmt.next = Some(next),
             Statement::New(stmt) => stmt.next = Some(next),
             Statement::Expression(stmt) => stmt.next = Some(next),
             Statement::Return(_)
             | Statement::Break(_)
             | Statement::Continue(_)
             | Statement::Synchronous(_)
             | Statement::Goto(_)
             | Statement::While(_)
             | Statement::Labeled(_)
             | Statement::If(_) => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for Statement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         match self {
             Statement::Block(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::Local(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::Skip(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::Labeled(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::If(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::EndIf(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::While(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::EndWhile(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::Break(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::Continue(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::Synchronous(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::EndSynchronous(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::Return(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::Assert(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::Goto(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::New(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             Statement::Expression(stmt) => stmt.position(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct BlockStatement {
     pub this: BlockStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub statements: Vec<StatementId>,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub parent_scope: Option<Scope>,
     pub relative_pos_in_parent: u32,
     pub locals: Vec<LocalId>,
     pub labels: Vec<LabeledStatementId>,
+}
 impl BlockStatement {
     pub fn parent_block(&self, h: &Heap) -> Option<BlockStatementId> {
         let parent = self.parent_scope.unwrap();
         match parent {
             Scope::Definition(_) => {
                 // If the parent scope is a definition, then there is no
                 // parent block.
                 None
+            }
             Scope::Synchronous((parent, _)) => {
                 // It is always the case that when this function is called,
                 // the parent of a synchronous statement is a block statement:
                 // nested synchronous statements are flagged illegal,
                 // and that happens before resolving variables that
                 // creates the parent_scope references in the first place.
                 Some(h[parent].parent_scope(h).unwrap().to_block())
+            }
             Scope::Regular(parent) => {
                 // A variable scope is either a definition, sync, or block.
                 Some(parent)
+            }
+        }
+    }
     pub fn first(&self) -> StatementId {
         // It is an invariant (guaranteed by the lexer) that block statements have at least one stmt
         *self.statements.first().unwrap()
+    }
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for BlockStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 impl VariableScope for BlockStatement {
     fn parent_scope(&self, _h: &Heap) -> Option<Scope> {
         self.parent_scope.clone()
+    }
     fn get_variable(&self, h: &Heap, id: &Identifier) -> Option<VariableId> {
         for local_id in self.locals.iter() {
             let local = &h[*local_id];
             if local.identifier == *id {
                 return Some(local_id.0);
+            }
+        }
         None
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum LocalStatement {
     Memory(MemoryStatement),
     Channel(ChannelStatement),
+}
 impl LocalStatement {
     pub fn this(&self) -> LocalStatementId {
         match self {
             LocalStatement::Memory(stmt) => stmt.this.upcast(),
             LocalStatement::Channel(stmt) => stmt.this.upcast(),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_memory(&self) -> &MemoryStatement {
         match self {
             LocalStatement::Memory(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `LocalStatement` to `MemoryStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_channel(&self) -> &ChannelStatement {
         match self {
             LocalStatement::Channel(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `LocalStatement` to `ChannelStatement`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn next(&self) -> Option<StatementId> {
         match self {
             LocalStatement::Memory(stmt) => stmt.next,
             LocalStatement::Channel(stmt) => stmt.next,
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for LocalStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         match self {
             LocalStatement::Memory(stmt) => stmt.position(),
             LocalStatement::Channel(stmt) => stmt.position(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct MemoryStatement {
     pub this: MemoryStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub variable: LocalId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub next: Option<StatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for MemoryStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 /// ChannelStatement is the declaration of an input and output port associated
 /// with the same channel. Note that the polarity of the ports are from the
 /// point of view of the component. So an output port is something that a
 /// component uses to send data over (i.e. it is the "input end" of the
 /// channel), and vice versa.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct ChannelStatement {
     pub this: ChannelStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub from: LocalId, // output
     pub to: LocalId,   // input
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub relative_pos_in_block: u32,
     pub next: Option<StatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for ChannelStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct SkipStatement {
     pub this: SkipStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub next: Option<StatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for SkipStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct LabeledStatement {
     pub this: LabeledStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub label: Identifier,
     pub body: StatementId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub relative_pos_in_block: u32,
     pub in_sync: Option<SynchronousStatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for LabeledStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct IfStatement {
     pub this: IfStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub test: ExpressionId,
     pub true_body: StatementId,
     pub false_body: StatementId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub end_if: Option<EndIfStatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for IfStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct EndIfStatement {
     pub this: EndIfStatementId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub start_if: IfStatementId,
     pub position: InputPosition, // of corresponding if statement
     pub next: Option<StatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for EndIfStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct WhileStatement {
     pub this: WhileStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub test: ExpressionId,
     pub body: StatementId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub end_while: Option<EndWhileStatementId>,
     pub in_sync: Option<SynchronousStatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for WhileStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct EndWhileStatement {
     pub this: EndWhileStatementId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub start_while: WhileStatementId,
     pub position: InputPosition, // of corresponding while
     pub next: Option<StatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for EndWhileStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct BreakStatement {
     pub this: BreakStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub label: Option<Identifier>,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub target: Option<EndWhileStatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for BreakStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct ContinueStatement {
     pub this: ContinueStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub label: Option<Identifier>,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub target: Option<WhileStatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for ContinueStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct SynchronousStatement {
     pub this: SynchronousStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     // pub parameters: Vec<ParameterId>,
     pub body: StatementId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub end_sync: Option<EndSynchronousStatementId>,
     pub parent_scope: Option<Scope>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for SynchronousStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 impl VariableScope for SynchronousStatement {
     fn parent_scope(&self, _h: &Heap) -> Option<Scope> {
         self.parent_scope.clone()
+    }
     fn get_variable(&self, _h: &Heap, _id: &Identifier) -> Option<VariableId> {
         // TODO: Another case of "where was this used for?"
         // for parameter_id in self.parameters.iter() {
         //     let parameter = &h[*parameter_id];
         //     if parameter.identifier.value == id.value {
         //         return Some(parameter_id.0);
         //     }
         // }
         None
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct EndSynchronousStatement {
     pub this: EndSynchronousStatementId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub position: InputPosition, // of corresponding sync statement
     pub start_sync: SynchronousStatementId,
     pub next: Option<StatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for EndSynchronousStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct ReturnStatement {
     pub this: ReturnStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub expression: ExpressionId,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for ReturnStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct AssertStatement {
     pub this: AssertStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub expression: ExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub next: Option<StatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for AssertStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct GotoStatement {
     pub this: GotoStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub label: Identifier,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub target: Option<LabeledStatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for GotoStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct NewStatement {
     pub this: NewStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub expression: CallExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub next: Option<StatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for NewStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct ExpressionStatement {
     pub this: ExpressionStatementId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub expression: ExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub next: Option<StatementId>,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for ExpressionStatement {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum ExpressionParent {
     None, // only set during initial parsing
     If(IfStatementId),
     While(WhileStatementId),
     Return(ReturnStatementId),
     Assert(AssertStatementId),
     New(NewStatementId),
     ExpressionStmt(ExpressionStatementId),
     Expression(ExpressionId, u32) // index within expression (e.g LHS or RHS of expression)
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum Expression {
     Assignment(AssignmentExpression),
     Conditional(ConditionalExpression),
     Binary(BinaryExpression),
     Unary(UnaryExpression),
     Indexing(IndexingExpression),
     Slicing(SlicingExpression),
     Select(SelectExpression),
     Array(ArrayExpression),
     Literal(LiteralExpression),
     Call(CallExpression),
     Variable(VariableExpression),
+}
 impl Expression {
     pub fn as_assignment(&self) -> &AssignmentExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `AssignmentExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_conditional(&self) -> &ConditionalExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Conditional(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `ConditionalExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_binary(&self) -> &BinaryExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Binary(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `BinaryExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_unary(&self) -> &UnaryExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Unary(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `UnaryExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_indexing(&self) -> &IndexingExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Indexing(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `IndexingExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_slicing(&self) -> &SlicingExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Slicing(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `SlicingExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_select(&self) -> &SelectExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Select(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `SelectExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_array(&self) -> &ArrayExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Array(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `ArrayExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_constant(&self) -> &LiteralExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Literal(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `ConstantExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_call(&self) -> &CallExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Call(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `CallExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_call_mut(&mut self) -> &mut CallExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Call(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `CallExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_variable(&self) -> &VariableExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Variable(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `VariableExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     pub fn as_variable_mut(&mut self) -> &mut VariableExpression {
         match self {
             Expression::Variable(result) => result,
             _ => panic!("Unable to cast `Expression` to `VariableExpression`"),
+        }
+    }
     // TODO: @cleanup
     pub fn parent(&self) -> &ExpressionParent {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Binary(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Unary(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Select(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Array(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Literal(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Call(expr) => &expr.parent,
             Expression::Variable(expr) => &expr.parent,
+        }
+    }
     // TODO: @cleanup
     pub fn parent_expr_id(&self) -> Option<ExpressionId> {
         if let ExpressionParent::Expression(id, _) = self.parent() {
             Some(*id)
         } else {
             None
+        }
+    }
     // TODO: @cleanup
     pub fn set_parent(&mut self, parent: ExpressionParent) {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => expr.parent = parent,
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => expr.parent = parent,
             Expression::Binary(expr) => expr.parent = parent,
             Expression::Unary(expr) => expr.parent = parent,
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => expr.parent = parent,
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => expr.parent = parent,
             Expression::Select(expr) => expr.parent = parent,
             Expression::Array(expr) => expr.parent = parent,
             Expression::Literal(expr) => expr.parent = parent,
             Expression::Call(expr) => expr.parent = parent,
             Expression::Variable(expr) => expr.parent = parent,
+        }
+    }
     pub fn get_type(&self) -> &ConcreteType {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => &expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => &expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Binary(expr) => &expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Unary(expr) => &expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => &expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => &expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Select(expr) => &expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Array(expr) => &expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Literal(expr) => &expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Call(expr) => &expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Variable(expr) => &expr.concrete_type,
+        }
+    }
     // TODO: @cleanup
     pub fn get_type_mut(&mut self) -> &mut ConcreteType {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => &mut expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => &mut expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Binary(expr) => &mut expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Unary(expr) => &mut expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => &mut expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => &mut expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Select(expr) => &mut expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Array(expr) => &mut expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Literal(expr) => &mut expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Call(expr) => &mut expr.concrete_type,
             Expression::Variable(expr) => &mut expr.concrete_type,
+        }
+    }
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for Expression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         match self {
             Expression::Assignment(expr) => expr.position(),
             Expression::Conditional(expr) => expr.position(),
             Expression::Binary(expr) => expr.position(),
             Expression::Unary(expr) => expr.position(),
             Expression::Indexing(expr) => expr.position(),
             Expression::Slicing(expr) => expr.position(),
             Expression::Select(expr) => expr.position(),
             Expression::Array(expr) => expr.position(),
             Expression::Literal(expr) => expr.position(),
             Expression::Call(expr) => expr.position(),
             Expression::Variable(expr) => expr.position(),
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum AssignmentOperator {
     Set,
     Multiplied,
     Divided,
     Remained,
     Added,
     Subtracted,
     ShiftedLeft,
     ShiftedRight,
     BitwiseAnded,
     BitwiseXored,
     BitwiseOred,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct AssignmentExpression {
     pub this: AssignmentExpressionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub left: ExpressionId,
     pub operation: AssignmentOperator,
     pub right: ExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Phase 3: type checking
     pub concrete_type: ConcreteType,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for AssignmentExpression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct ConditionalExpression {
     pub this: ConditionalExpressionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub test: ExpressionId,
     pub true_expression: ExpressionId,
     pub false_expression: ExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Phase 3: type checking
     pub concrete_type: ConcreteType,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for ConditionalExpression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum BinaryOperator {
     Concatenate,
     LogicalOr,
     LogicalAnd,
     BitwiseOr,
     BitwiseXor,
     BitwiseAnd,
     Equality,
     Inequality,
     LessThan,
     GreaterThan,
     LessThanEqual,
     GreaterThanEqual,
     ShiftLeft,
     ShiftRight,
     Add,
     Subtract,
     Multiply,
     Divide,
     Remainder,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct BinaryExpression {
     pub this: BinaryExpressionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub left: ExpressionId,
     pub operation: BinaryOperator,
     pub right: ExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Phase 3: type checking
     pub concrete_type: ConcreteType,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for BinaryExpression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum UnaryOperation {
     Positive,
     Negative,
     BitwiseNot,
     LogicalNot,
     PreIncrement,
     PreDecrement,
     PostIncrement,
     PostDecrement,
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct UnaryExpression {
     pub this: UnaryExpressionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub operation: UnaryOperation,
     pub expression: ExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Phase 3: type checking
     pub concrete_type: ConcreteType,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for UnaryExpression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct IndexingExpression {
     pub this: IndexingExpressionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub subject: ExpressionId,
     pub index: ExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Phase 3: type checking
     pub concrete_type: ConcreteType,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for IndexingExpression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct SlicingExpression {
     pub this: SlicingExpressionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub subject: ExpressionId,
     pub from_index: ExpressionId,
     pub to_index: ExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Phase 3: type checking
     pub concrete_type: ConcreteType,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for SlicingExpression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct SelectExpression {
     pub this: SelectExpressionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub subject: ExpressionId,
     pub field: Field,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Phase 3: type checking
     pub concrete_type: ConcreteType,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for SelectExpression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct ArrayExpression {
     pub this: ArrayExpressionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub elements: Vec<ExpressionId>,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Phase 3: type checking
     pub concrete_type: ConcreteType,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for ArrayExpression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 // TODO: @tokenizer Symbolic function calls are ambiguous with union literals
 //  that accept embedded values (although the polymorphic arguments are placed
 //  differently). To prevent double work we parse as CallExpression, and during
 //  validation we may transform the expression into a union literal.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct CallExpression {
     pub this: CallExpressionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub method: Method,
     pub arguments: Vec<ExpressionId>,
     pub poly_args: Vec<ParserTypeId>, // if symbolic will be determined during validation phase
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Phase 3: type checking
     pub concrete_type: ConcreteType,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for CallExpression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum Method {
     Get,
     Put,
     Fires,
     Create,
     Symbolic(MethodSymbolic)
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct MethodSymbolic {
     pub(crate) identifier: NamespacedIdentifier,
     pub(crate) definition: Option<DefinitionId>
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct LiteralExpression {
     pub this: LiteralExpressionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub value: Literal,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Phase 3: type checking
     pub concrete_type: ConcreteType,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for LiteralExpression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}
 type LiteralCharacter = Vec<u8>;
 type LiteralInteger = i64; // TODO: @int_literal
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub enum Literal {
     Null, // message
     True,
     False,
     Character(LiteralCharacter),
     Integer(LiteralInteger),
     Struct(LiteralStruct),
     Enum(LiteralEnum),
     Union(LiteralUnion),
+}
 impl Literal {
     pub(crate) fn as_struct(&self) -> &LiteralStruct {
         if let Literal::Struct(literal) = self{
             literal
         } else {
             unreachable!("Attempted to obtain {:?} as Literal::Struct", self)
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_struct_mut(&mut self) -> &mut LiteralStruct {
         if let Literal::Struct(literal) = self{
             literal
         } else {
             unreachable!("Attempted to obtain {:?} as Literal::Struct", self)
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_enum(&self) -> &LiteralEnum {
         if let Literal::Enum(literal) = self {
             literal
         } else {
             unreachable!("Attempted to obtain {:?} as Literal::Enum", self)
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn as_union(&self) -> &LiteralUnion {
         if let Literal::Union(literal) = self {
             literal
         } else {
             unreachable!("Attempted to obtain {:?} as Literal::Union", self)
+        }
+    }
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct LiteralStructField {
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub(crate) identifier: Identifier,
     pub(crate) value: ExpressionId,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub(crate) field_idx: usize, // in struct definition
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct LiteralStruct {
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub(crate) identifier: NamespacedIdentifier,
     pub(crate) fields: Vec<LiteralStructField>,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub(crate) poly_args2: Vec<ParserTypeId>, // taken from identifier once linked to a definition
     pub(crate) definition: Option<DefinitionId>
+}
 // TODO: @tokenizer Enum literals are ambiguous with union literals that do not
 //  accept embedded values. To prevent double work for now we parse as a
 //  LiteralEnum, and during validation we may transform the expression into a
 //  union literal.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct LiteralEnum {
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub(crate) identifier: NamespacedIdentifier,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub(crate) poly_args2: Vec<ParserTypeId>, // taken from identifier once linked to a definition
     pub(crate) definition: Option<DefinitionId>,
     pub(crate) variant_idx: usize, // as present in the type table
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct LiteralUnion {
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub(crate) identifier: NamespacedIdentifier,
     pub(crate) values: Vec<ExpressionId>,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub(crate) poly_args2: Vec<ParserTypeId>, // taken from identifier once linked to a definition
     pub(crate) definition: Option<DefinitionId>,
     pub(crate) variant_idx: usize, // as present in type table
+}
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize)]
 pub struct VariableExpression {
     pub this: VariableExpressionId,
     // Phase 1: parser
     pub position: InputPosition,
     pub identifier: NamespacedIdentifier,
     // Phase 2: linker
     pub declaration: Option<VariableId>,
     pub parent: ExpressionParent,
     // Phase 3: type checking
     pub concrete_type: ConcreteType,
+}
 impl SyntaxElement for VariableExpression {
     fn position(&self) -> InputPosition {
         self.position
+    }
+}

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