HCDA/sigir2016repo Changeset - 1c15ad87af02 · Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)

Changeset - 1c15ad87af02

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Gebrekirstos Gebremeskel - 10 years ago 2016-02-06 00:56:52
destinycome@gmail.com

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9 files changed with 2104 insertions and 0 deletions:

acm_proc_article-sp.cls

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img/click100.pdf

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img/tage_click100.pdf

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img/tage_view100.pdf

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img/tage_view_click.pdf

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img/view100.pdf

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main.tex

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ref.bib

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acm_proc_article-sp.cls

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@@ new file 100644 @@
 % ACM_PROC_ARTICLE-SP.CLS - VERSION 3.2SP
 % COMPATIBLE WITH THE "SIG-ALTERNATE" V2.4
 % Gerald Murray - April 22nd. 2009
+%
 % ---- Start of 'updates'  ----
+%
 % April 22nd. 2009 - Fixed 'Natbib' incompatibility problem - Gerry
 % April 22nd. 2009 - Fixed 'Babel' incompatibility problem - Gerry
 % April 22nd. 2009 - Inserted various bug-fixes and improvements - Gerry
+%
 % To produce Type 1 fonts in the document plus allow for 'normal LaTeX accenting' in the critical areas;
 % title, author block, section-heads, etc. etc.
 % i.e. the whole purpose of this version update is to NOT resort to 'inelegant accent patches'.
 % After much research, three extra .sty packages were added to the the tail (ae, aecompl, aeguill) to solve,
 % in particular, the accenting problem(s). We _could_ ask authors (via instructions/sample file) to 'include' these in
 % the source .tex file - in the preamble - but if everything is already provided ('behind the scenes' - embedded IN the .cls)
 % then this is less work for authors and also makes everything appear 'vanilla'.
 % NOTE: all 'patchwork accenting" has been commented out (here) and is no longer 'used' in the sample .tex file (either).
 % Gerry June 2007
+%
 % Rule widths changed to .5, author count (>6) fixed, roll-back for Type 3 problem. Gerry March 20th. 2007
 % Changes made to 'modernize' the fontnames but esp. for MikTeX users V2.4/2.5 - Nov. 30th. 2006
 % Updated the \email definition to allow for its use inside of 'shared affiliations' - Nov. 30th. 2006
 % Fixed the 'section number depth value' - Nov. 30th. 2006
+%
 % Footnotes inside table cells using \minipage (Oct. 2002)
 % Georgia fixed bug in sub-sub-section numbering in paragraphs (July 29th. 2002)
 % JS/GM fix to vertical spacing before Proofs (July 30th. 2002)
+%
 % Allowance made to switch default fonts between those systems using
 % normal/modern font names and those using 'Type 1' or 'Truetype' fonts.
 % See LINE NUMBER 269 for details.
 % Also provided for enumerated/annotated Corollaries 'surrounded' by
 % enumerated Theorems (line 844).
 % Gerry November 11th. 1999
+%
 % This 'sp' version does NOT produce the permission block.
+%
 % Major change in January 2000 was to include a "blank line" in between
 % new paragraphs. This involved major changes to the, then, acmproc-sp.cls  1.0SP
 % file, precipitating a 'new' name: "acm_proc_article-sp.cls" V2.01SP.
+%
 % ---- End of 'updates' ----
+%
 \def\fileversion{V3.2SP}         % for ACM's tracking purposes
 \def\filedate{April 22, 2009}    % Gerry Murray's tracking data
 \def\docdate {Wednesday 22nd. April 2009} % Gerry Murray (with deltas to doc}
 \usepackage{epsfig}
 \usepackage{amssymb}
 \usepackage{amsmath}
 \usepackage{amsfonts}
 % Need this for accents in Arial/Helvetica
 %\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}  % Gerry March 12, 2007 - causes Type 3 problems (body text)
 %\usepackage{textcomp}
+%
 % ACM_PROC_ARTICLE-SP  DOCUMENT STYLE
 % G.K.M. Tobin August-October 1999
 %    adapted from ARTICLE document style by Ken Traub, Olin Shivers
 %    also using elements of esub2acm.cls
 % LATEST REVISION V3.2SP - APRIL 2009
 % ARTICLE DOCUMENT STYLE -- Released 16 March 1988
 %    for LaTeX version 2.09
 % Copyright (C) 1988 by Leslie Lamport
+%
+%
 %%% ACM_PROC_ARTICLE-SP is a document style for producing two-column camera-ready pages for
 %%% ACM conferences, according to ACM specifications.  The main features of
 %%% this style are:
 %%%
 %%% 1)  Two columns.
 %%% 2)  Side and top margins of 4.5pc, bottom margin of 6pc, column gutter of
 %%%     2pc, hence columns are 20pc wide and 55.5pc tall.  (6pc =3D 1in, approx)
 %%% 3)  First page has title information, and an extra 6pc of space at the
 %%%     bottom of the first column for the ACM copyright notice.
 %%% 4)  Text is 9pt on 10pt baselines; titles (except main) are 9pt bold.
 %%%
 %%%
 %%% There are a few restrictions you must observe:
 %%%
 %%% 1)  You cannot change the font size; ACM wants you to use 9pt.
 %%% 3)  You must start your paper with the \maketitle command.  Prior to the
 %%%     \maketitle you must have \title and \author commands.  If you have a
 %%%     \date command it will be ignored; no date appears on the paper, since
 %%%     the proceedings will have a date on the front cover.
 %%% 4)  Marginal paragraphs, tables of contents, lists of figures and tables,
 %%%     and page headings are all forbidden.
 %%% 5)  The `figure' environment will produce a figure one column wide; if you
 %%%     want one that is two columns wide, use `figure*'.
 %%%
+%
 %%% Copyright Space:
 %%% This style automatically leaves 1" blank space at the bottom of page 1/
 %%% column 1.  This space can optionally be filled with some text using the
 %%% \toappear{...} command.  If used, this command must be BEFORE the \maketitle
 %%% command.  If this command is defined AND [preprint] is on, then the
 %%% space is filled with the {...} text (at the bottom); otherwise, it is
 %%% blank.  If you use \toappearbox{...} instead of \toappear{...} then a
 %%% box will be drawn around the text (if [preprint] is on).
 %%%
 %%% A typical usage looks like this:
 %%%     \toappear{To appear in the Ninth AES Conference on Medievil Lithuanian
 %%%               Embalming Technique, June 1991, Alfaretta, Georgia.}
 %%% This will be included in the preprint, and left out of the conference
 %%% version.
 %%%
 %%% WARNING:
 %%% Some dvi-ps converters heuristically allow chars to drift from their
 %%% true positions a few pixels. This may be noticeable with the 9pt sans-serif
 %%% bold font used for section headers.
 %%% You may turn this hackery off via the -e option:
 %%%     dvips -e 0 foo.dvi >foo.ps
 %%%
 \typeout{Document Class 'acm_proc_article-sp' <22nd. April '09>.  Modified by G.K.M. Tobin}
 \typeout{Based in part upon document Style `acmconf' <22 May 89>. Hacked 4/91 by}
 \typeout{shivers@cs.cmu.edu, 4/93 by theobald@cs.mcgill.ca}
 \typeout{Excerpts were taken from (Journal Style) 'esub2acm.cls'.}
 \typeout{****** Bugs/comments/suggestions  to Gerry Murray -- murray@hq.acm.org ******}
 \oddsidemargin 4.5pc
 \evensidemargin 4.5pc
 \advance\oddsidemargin by -1in  % Correct for LaTeX gratuitousness
 \advance\evensidemargin by -1in % Correct for LaTeX gratuitousness
 \marginparwidth 0pt             % Margin pars are not allowed.
 \marginparsep 11pt              % Horizontal space between outer margin and
                                 % marginal note
                                 % Top of page:
 \topmargin 4.5pc                % Nominal distance from top of page to top of
                                 % box containing running head.
 \advance\topmargin by -1in      % Correct for LaTeX gratuitousness
 \headheight 0pt                 % Height of box containing running head.
 \headsep 0pt                    % Space between running head and text.
                                 % Bottom of page:
 \footskip 30pt                  % Distance from baseline of box containing foot
                                 % to baseline of last line of text.
 \@ifundefined{footheight}{\newdimen\footheight}{}% this is for LaTeX2e
 \footheight 12pt                % Height of box containing running foot.
 %% Must redefine the top margin so there's room for headers and
 %% page numbers if you are using the preprint option. Footers
 %% are OK as is. Olin.
 \advance\topmargin by -37pt     % Leave 37pt above text for headers
 \headheight 12pt                % Height of box containing running head.
 \headsep 25pt                   % Space between running head and text.
 \textheight 666pt       % 9 1/4 column height
 \textwidth 42pc         % Width of text line.
                         % For two-column mode:
 \columnsep 2pc          %    Space between columns
 \columnseprule 0pt      %    Width of rule between columns.
 \hfuzz 1pt              % Allow some variation in column width, otherwise it's
                         % too hard to typeset in narrow columns.
 \footnotesep 5.6pt      % Height of strut placed at the beginning of every
                         % footnote =3D height of normal \footnotesize strut,
                         % so no extra space between footnotes.
 \skip\footins 8.1pt plus 4pt minus 2pt  % Space between last line of text and
                                         % top of first footnote.
 \floatsep 11pt plus 2pt minus 2pt       % Space between adjacent floats moved
                                         % to top or bottom of text page.
 \textfloatsep 18pt plus 2pt minus 4pt   % Space between main text and floats
                                         % at top or bottom of page.
 \intextsep 11pt plus 2pt minus 2pt      % Space between in-text figures and
                                         % text.
 \@ifundefined{@maxsep}{\newdimen\@maxsep}{}% this is for LaTeX2e
 \@maxsep 18pt                           % The maximum of \floatsep,
                                         % \textfloatsep and \intextsep (minus
                                         % the stretch and shrink).
 \dblfloatsep 11pt plus 2pt minus 2pt    % Same as \floatsep for double-column
                                         % figures in two-column mode.
 \dbltextfloatsep 18pt plus 2pt minus 4pt% \textfloatsep for double-column
                                         % floats.
 \@ifundefined{@dblmaxsep}{\newdimen\@dblmaxsep}{}% this is for LaTeX2e
 \@dblmaxsep 18pt                        % The maximum of \dblfloatsep and
                                         % \dbltexfloatsep.
 \@fptop 0pt plus 1fil    % Stretch at top of float page/column. (Must be
                          % 0pt plus ...)
 \@fpsep 8pt plus 2fil    % Space between floats on float page/column.
 \@fpbot 0pt plus 1fil    % Stretch at bottom of float page/column. (Must be
                          % 0pt plus ... )
 \@dblfptop 0pt plus 1fil % Stretch at top of float page. (Must be 0pt plus ...)
 \@dblfpsep 8pt plus 2fil % Space between floats on float page.
 \@dblfpbot 0pt plus 1fil % Stretch at bottom of float page. (Must be
                          % 0pt plus ... )
 \marginparpush 5pt       % Minimum vertical separation between two marginal
                          % notes.
 \parskip 0pt                % Extra vertical space between paragraphs.
                     % Set to 0pt outside sections, to keep section heads
                     % uniformly spaced.  The value of parskip is set
                     % to leading value _within_ sections.
                     % 12 Jan 2000 gkmt
 \parindent 0pt                % Width of paragraph indentation.
 \partopsep 2pt plus 1pt minus 1pt% Extra vertical space, in addition to
                                  % \parskip and \topsep, added when user
                                  % leaves blank line before environment.
 \@lowpenalty   51       % Produced by \nopagebreak[1] or \nolinebreak[1]
 \@medpenalty  151       % Produced by \nopagebreak[2] or \nolinebreak[2]
 \@highpenalty 301       % Produced by \nopagebreak[3] or \nolinebreak[3]
 \@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty % Before a list or paragraph environment.
 \@endparpenalty   -\@lowpenalty % After a list or paragraph environment.
 \@itempenalty     -\@lowpenalty % Between list items.
 %\@namedef{ds@10pt}{\@latexerr{The `10pt' option is not allowed in the `acmconf'
 \@namedef{ds@10pt}{\ClassError{The `10pt' option is not allowed in the `acmconf'	% January 2008
   document style.}\@eha}
 %\@namedef{ds@11pt}{\@latexerr{The `11pt' option is not allowed in the `acmconf'
 \@namedef{ds@11pt}{\ClassError{The `11pt' option is not allowed in the `acmconf'	% January 2008
   document style.}\@eha}
 %\@namedef{ds@12pt}{\@latexerr{The `12pt' option is not allowed in the `acmconf'
 \@namedef{ds@12pt}{\ClassError{The `12pt' option is not allowed in the `acmconf'	% January 2008
   document style.}\@eha}
 \@options
 \lineskip 2pt           % \lineskip is 1pt for all font sizes.
 \normallineskip 2pt
 \def\baselinestretch{1}
 \abovedisplayskip 9pt plus2pt minus4.5pt%
 \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
 \abovedisplayshortskip  \z@ plus3pt%
 \belowdisplayshortskip  5.4pt plus3pt minus3pt%
 \let\@listi\@listI     % Setting of \@listi added 9 Jun 87
 \def\small{\@setsize\small{9pt}\viiipt\@viiipt
 \abovedisplayskip 7.6pt plus 3pt minus 4pt%
 \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
 \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2pt%
 \belowdisplayshortskip 3.6pt plus2pt minus 2pt
 \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini %% Added 22 Dec 87
 \topsep 4pt plus 2pt minus 2pt\parsep 2pt plus 1pt minus 1pt
 \itemsep \parsep}}
 \def\footnotesize{\@setsize\footnotesize{9pt}\ixpt\@ixpt
 \abovedisplayskip 6.4pt plus 2pt minus 4pt%
 \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
 \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus 1pt%
 \belowdisplayshortskip 2.7pt plus 1pt minus 2pt
 \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini %% Added 22 Dec 87
 \topsep 3pt plus 1pt minus 1pt\parsep 2pt plus 1pt minus 1pt
 \itemsep \parsep}}
 \newcount\aucount
 \newcount\originalaucount
 \newdimen\auwidth
 \auwidth=\textwidth
 \newdimen\auskip
 \newcount\auskipcount
 \newdimen\auskip
 \global\auskip=1pc
 \newdimen\allauboxes
 \allauboxes=\auwidth
 \newtoks\addauthors
 \newcount\addauflag
 \global\addauflag=0 %Haven't shown additional authors yet
 \newtoks\subtitletext
 \gdef\subtitle#1{\subtitletext={#1}}
 \gdef\additionalauthors#1{\addauthors={#1}}
 \gdef\numberofauthors#1{\global\aucount=#1
 \ifnum\aucount>3\global\originalaucount=\aucount \global\aucount=3\fi %g}  % 3 OK - Gerry March 2007
 \global\auskipcount=\aucount\global\advance\auskipcount by 1
 \global\multiply\auskipcount by 2
 \global\multiply\auskip by \auskipcount
 \global\advance\auwidth by -\auskip
 \global\divide\auwidth by \aucount}
 % \and was modified to count the number of authors.  GKMT 12 Aug 1999
 \def\alignauthor{%                  % \begin{tabular}
 \end{tabular}%
   \begin{tabular}[t]{p{\auwidth}}\centering}%
 %  *** NOTE *** NOTE *** NOTE *** NOTE ***
 %  If you have 'font problems' then you may need
 %  to change these, e.g. 'arialb' instead of "arialbd".
 %  Gerry Murray 11/11/1999
 %  *** OR ** comment out block A and activate block B or vice versa.
 % **********************************************
+%
 %  -- Start of block A -- (Type 1 or Truetype fonts)
 %\newfont{\secfnt}{timesbd at 12pt} % was timenrb originally - now is timesbd
 %\newfont{\secit}{timesbi at 12pt}   %13 Jan 00 gkmt
 %\newfont{\subsecfnt}{timesi at 11pt} % was timenrri originally - now is timesi
 %\newfont{\subsecit}{timesbi at 11pt} % 13 Jan 00 gkmt -- was times changed to timesbi gm 2/4/2000
 %                         % because "normal" is italic, "italic" is Roman
 %\newfont{\ttlfnt}{arialbd at 18pt} % was arialb originally - now is arialbd
 %\newfont{\ttlit}{arialbi at 18pt}    % 13 Jan 00 gkmt
 %\newfont{\subttlfnt}{arial at 14pt} % was arialr originally - now is arial
 %\newfont{\subttlit}{ariali at 14pt} % 13 Jan 00 gkmt
 %\newfont{\subttlbf}{arialbd at 14pt}  % 13 Jan 00 gkmt
 %\newfont{\aufnt}{arial at 12pt} % was arialr originally - now is arial
 %\newfont{\auit}{ariali at 12pt} % 13 Jan 00 gkmt
 %\newfont{\affaddr}{arial at 10pt} % was arialr originally - now is arial
 %\newfont{\affaddrit}{ariali at 10pt} %13 Jan 00 gkmt
 %\newfont{\eaddfnt}{arial at 12pt} % was arialr originally - now is arial
 %\newfont{\ixpt}{times at 9pt} % was timenrr originally - now is times
 %\newfont{\confname}{timesi at 8pt} % was timenrri - now is timesi
 %\newfont{\crnotice}{times at 8pt} % was timenrr originally - now is times
 %\newfont{\ninept}{times at 9pt} % was timenrr originally - now is times
 % *********************************************
 %  -- End of block A --
+%
+%
 % -- Start of block B -- UPDATED FONT NAMES
 % *********************************************
 % Gerry Murray 11/30/2006
 % *********************************************
 \newfont{\secfnt}{ptmb8t at 12pt}
 \newfont{\secit}{ptmbi8t at 12pt}    %13 Jan 00 gkmt
 \newfont{\subsecfnt}{ptmri8t at 11pt}
 \newfont{\subsecit}{ptmbi8t at 11pt}  %
 \newfont{\ttlfnt}{phvb8t at 18pt}
 \newfont{\ttlit}{phvbo8t at 18pt}    % GM 2/4/2000
 \newfont{\subttlfnt}{phvr8t at 14pt}
 \newfont{\subttlit}{phvro8t at 14pt} % GM 2/4/2000
 \newfont{\subttlbf}{phvb8t at 14pt}  % 13 Jan 00 gkmt
 \newfont{\aufnt}{phvr8t at 12pt}
 \newfont{\auit}{phvro8t at 12pt}     % GM 2/4/2000
 \newfont{\affaddr}{phvr8t at 10pt}
 \newfont{\affaddrit}{phvro8t at 10pt} % GM 2/4/2000
 \newfont{\eaddfnt}{phvr8t at 12pt}
 \newfont{\ixpt}{ptmr8t at 9pt}
 \newfont{\confname}{ptmri8t at 8pt}
 \newfont{\crnotice}{ptmr8t at 8pt}
 \newfont{\ninept}{ptmr8t at 9pt}
 % +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 % -- End of block B --
 %\def\email#1{{{\eaddfnt{\vskip 4pt#1}}}}
 % If we have an email, inside a "shared affiliation" then we need the following instead
 \def\email#1{{{\eaddfnt{\par #1}}}}       % revised  - GM - 11/30/2006
 \def\addauthorsection{\ifnum\originalaucount>6  % was 3 - Gerry March 2007
     \section{Additional Authors}\the\addauthors
   \fi}
 \newcount\savesection
 \newcount\sectioncntr
 \global\sectioncntr=1
 \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
 \def\appendix{\par
 \section*{APPENDIX}
 \setcounter{section}{0}
  \setcounter{subsection}{0}
  \def\thesection{\Alph{section}} }
 \leftmargini 22.5pt
 \leftmarginii 19.8pt    % > \labelsep + width of '(m)'
 \leftmarginiii 16.8pt   % > \labelsep + width of 'vii.'
 \leftmarginiv 15.3pt    % > \labelsep + width of 'M.'
 \leftmarginv 9pt
 \leftmarginvi 9pt
 \leftmargin\leftmargini
 \labelsep 4.5pt
 \labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
 \def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini \parsep 3.6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt%
 \topsep 7.2pt plus 2pt minus 4pt%
 \itemsep 3.6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt}
 \let\@listi\@listI
 \@listi
 \def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii
    \labelwidth\leftmarginii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
    \topsep 3.6pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
    \parsep 1.8pt plus 0.9pt minus 0.9pt
    \itemsep \parsep}
 \def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
     \labelwidth\leftmarginiii\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
     \topsep 1.8pt plus 0.9pt minus 0.9pt
     \parsep \z@ \partopsep 1pt plus 0pt minus 1pt
     \itemsep \topsep}
 \def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
      \labelwidth\leftmarginiv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
 \def\@listv{\leftmargin\leftmarginv
      \labelwidth\leftmarginv\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
 \def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
      \labelwidth\leftmarginvi\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
 \def\labelenumi{\theenumi.}
 \def\theenumi{\arabic{enumi}}
 \def\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
 \def\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
 \def\p@enumii{\theenumi}
 \def\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
 \def\theenumiii{\roman{enumiii}}
 \def\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
 \def\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
 \def\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}}
 \def\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
 \def\labelitemi{$\bullet$}
 \def\labelitemii{\bf --}
 \def\labelitemiii{$\ast$}
 \def\labelitemiv{$\cdot$}
 \def\verse{\let\\=\@centercr
   \list{}{\itemsep\z@ \itemindent -1.5em\listparindent \itemindent
           \rightmargin\leftmargin\advance\leftmargin 1.5em}\item[]}
 \let\endverse\endlist
 \def\quotation{\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em
     \itemindent\listparindent
     \rightmargin\leftmargin \parsep 0pt plus 1pt}\item[]}
 \let\endquotation=\endlist
 \def\quote{\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}\item[]}
 \let\endquote=\endlist
 \def\descriptionlabel#1{\hspace\labelsep \bf #1}
 \def\description{\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
        \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
 \let\enddescription\endlist
 \def\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
 \arraycolsep 4.5pt   % Half the space between columns in an array environment.
 \tabcolsep 5.4pt     % Half the space between columns in a tabular environment.
 \arrayrulewidth .5pt % Width of rules in array and tabular environment. % (was .4) updated Gerry March 20 2007
 \doublerulesep 1.8pt % Space between adjacent rules in array or tabular env.
 \tabbingsep \labelsep   % Space used by the \' command.  (See LaTeX manual.)
 \skip\@mpfootins =\skip\footins
 \fboxsep =2.7pt      % Space left between box and text by \fbox and \framebox.
 \fboxrule =.5pt      % Width of rules in box made by \fbox and \framebox. % (was .4) updated Gerry March 20 2007
 \def\thepart{\Roman{part}} % Roman numeral part numbers.
 \def\thesection       {\arabic{section}}
 \def\thesubsection    {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
 %\def\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection.\arabic{subsubsection}} % GM 7/30/2002
 %\def\theparagraph     {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}  % GM 7/30/2002
 \def\thesubparagraph  {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}
 \def\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
 \def\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
 \def\@dotsep{4.5}
 \setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
 %\def\tableofcontents{\@latexerr{\tableofcontents: Tables of contents are not
 %  allowed in the `acmconf' document style.}\@eha}
 \def\tableofcontents{\ClassError{%
     \string\tableofcontents\space is not allowed in the `acmconf' document	% January 2008
     style}\@eha}
 \def\l@part#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty}
    \addvspace{2.25em plus 1pt}  % space above part line
    \begingroup
    \@tempdima 3em       % width of box holding part number, used by
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth      %% \numberline
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      {\large \bf        % set line in \large boldface
      \leavevmode        % TeX command to enter horizontal mode.
      #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
      \nobreak           % Never break after part entry
    \endgroup}
 \def\l@section#1#2{\addpenalty{\@secpenalty} % good place for page break
    \addvspace{1.0em plus 1pt}   % space above toc entry
    \@tempdima 1.5em             % width of box holding section number
    \begingroup
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      \bf                        % Boldface.
      \leavevmode                % TeX command to enter horizontal mode.
       \advance\leftskip\@tempdima %% added 5 Feb 88 to conform to
       \hskip -\leftskip           %% 25 Jan 88 change to \numberline
      #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
    \endgroup}
 \def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
 \def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
 \def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
 \def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{10em}{5em}}
 %\def\listoffigures{\@latexerr{\listoffigures: Lists of figures are not
 %  allowed in the `acmconf' document style.}\@eha}
 \def\listoffigures{\ClassError{%
     \string\listoffigures\space is not allowed in the `acmconf' document	% January 2008
     style}\@eha}
 \def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
 %\def\listoftables{\@latexerr{\listoftables: Lists of tables are not
 %  allowed in the `acmconf' document style.}\@eha}
 %\let\l@table\l@figure
 \def\listoftables{\ClassError{%
     \string\listoftables\space is not allowed in the `acmconf' document		% January 2008
     style}\@eha}
  \let\l@table\l@figure
 \def\footnoterule{\kern-3\p@
   \hrule width .5\columnwidth   % (was .4) updated Gerry March 20 2007
   \kern 2.6\p@}                 % The \hrule has default height of .4pt % (was .4) updated Gerry March 20 2007
 % ------
 \long\def\@makefntext#1{\noindent
 %\hbox to .5em{\hss$^{\@thefnmark}$}#1}   % original
 \hbox to .5em{\hss\textsuperscript{\@thefnmark}}#1}  % C. Clifton / GM Oct. 2nd. 2002
 % -------
 \long\def\@maketntext#1{\noindent
 #1}
 \long\def\@maketitlenotetext#1#2{\noindent
             \hbox to 1.8em{\hss$^{#1}$}#2}
 \setcounter{topnumber}{2}
 \def\topfraction{.7}
 \setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
 \def\bottomfraction{.3}
 \setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
 \def\textfraction{.2}
 \def\floatpagefraction{.5}
 \setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
 \def\dbltopfraction{.7}
 \def\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}
 \long\def\@makecaption#1#2{
    \vskip \baselineskip
    \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{\textbf{#1: #2}}
    \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize % IF longer than one line:
        \textbf{#1: #2}\par               %   THEN set as ordinary paragraph.
      \else                      %   ELSE  center.
        \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}\par
    \fi}
 \@ifundefined{figure}{\newcounter {figure}} % this is for LaTeX2e
 \def\fps@figure{tbp}
 \def\ftype@figure{1}
 \def\ext@figure{lof}
 \def\fnum@figure{Figure \thefigure}
 \def\figure{\@float{figure}}
 %\let\endfigure\end@float
 \def\endfigure{\end@float} 		% Gerry January 2008
 \@namedef{figure*}{\@dblfloat{figure}}
 \@namedef{endfigure*}{\end@dblfloat}
 \@ifundefined{table}{\newcounter {table}} % this is for LaTeX2e
 \def\fps@table{tbp}
 \def\ftype@table{2}
 \def\ext@table{lot}
 \def\fnum@table{Table \thetable}
 \def\table{\@float{table}}
 %\let\endtable\end@float
 \def\endtable{\end@float}		% Gerry January 2008
 \@namedef{table*}{\@dblfloat{table}}
 \@namedef{endtable*}{\end@dblfloat}
 \newtoks\titleboxnotes
 \newcount\titleboxnoteflag
 \def\maketitle{\par
  \begingroup
    \def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
    \def\@makefnmark{\hbox
        to 0pt{$^{\@thefnmark}$\hss}}
      \twocolumn[\@maketitle]
 \@thanks
  \endgroup
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}
  \let\maketitle\relax
  \let\@maketitle\relax
  \gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}\gdef\@subtitle{}\let\thanks\relax
  \@copyrightspace}
 %% CHANGES ON NEXT LINES
 \newif\if@ll % to record which version of LaTeX is in use
 \expandafter\ifx\csname LaTeXe\endcsname\relax % LaTeX2.09 is used
 \else% LaTeX2e is used, so set ll to true
 \global\@lltrue
 \fi
 \if@ll
   \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
   \ProvidesClass{acm_proc_article-sp} [2009/04/22 - V3.2SP - based on esub2acm.sty <23 April 96>]
   \RequirePackage{latexsym}% QUERY: are these two really needed?
   \let\dooptions\ProcessOptions
 \else
   \let\dooptions\@options
 \fi
 %% END CHANGES
 \def\@height{height}
 \def\@width{width}
 \def\@minus{minus}
 \def\@plus{plus}
 \def\hb@xt@{\hbox to}
 \newif\if@faircopy
 \@faircopyfalse
 \def\ds@faircopy{\@faircopytrue}
 \def\ds@preprint{\@faircopyfalse}
 \@twosidetrue
 \@mparswitchtrue
 \def\ds@draft{\overfullrule 5\p@}
 %% CHANGE ON NEXT LINE
 \dooptions
 \lineskip \p@
 \normallineskip \p@
 \def\baselinestretch{1}
 \def\@ptsize{0} %needed for amssymbols.sty
 %% CHANGES ON NEXT LINES
 \if@ll% allow use of old-style font change commands in LaTeX2e
 \@maxdepth\maxdepth
+%
 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\ninept\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
 \DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
 \DeclareRobustCommand*{\cal}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathcal}}
 \DeclareRobustCommand*{\mit}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathnormal}}
 \fi
+%
 \if@ll
  \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{cmr}  % was 'ttm'
 % Note! I have also found 'mvr' to work ESPECIALLY well.
 % Gerry - October 1999
 % You may need to change your LV1times.fd file so that sc is
 % mapped to cmcsc - -for smallcaps -- that is if you decide
 % to change {cmr} to {times} above. (Not recommended)
   \renewcommand{\@ptsize}{}
   \renewcommand{\normalsize}{%
     \@setfontsize\normalsize\@ixpt{10.5\p@}%\ninept%
     \abovedisplayskip 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
     \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
     \abovedisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@
     \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@
     \let\@listi\@listI
+  }
 \else
   \def\@normalsize{%changed next to 9 from 10
     \@setsize\normalsize{9\p@}\ixpt\@ixpt
    \abovedisplayskip 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
     \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
     \abovedisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@
     \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@minus 3\p@
     \let\@listi\@listI
   }%
 \fi
 \if@ll
   \newcommand\scriptsize{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt{8\p@}}
   \newcommand\tiny{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt{6\p@}}
   \newcommand\large{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14\p@}}
   \newcommand\Large{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18\p@}}
   \newcommand\LARGE{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{20\p@}}
   \newcommand\huge{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25\p@}}
   \newcommand\Huge{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30\p@}}
 \else
   \def\scriptsize{\@setsize\scriptsize{8\p@}\viipt\@viipt}
   \def\tiny{\@setsize\tiny{6\p@}\vpt\@vpt}
   \def\large{\@setsize\large{14\p@}\xiipt\@xiipt}
   \def\Large{\@setsize\Large{18\p@}\xivpt\@xivpt}
   \def\LARGE{\@setsize\LARGE{20\p@}\xviipt\@xviipt}
   \def\huge{\@setsize\huge{25\p@}\xxpt\@xxpt}
   \def\Huge{\@setsize\Huge{30\p@}\xxvpt\@xxvpt}
 \fi
 \normalsize
 % make aubox hsize/number of authors up to 3, less gutter
 % then showbox gutter showbox gutter showbox -- GKMT Aug 99
 \newbox\@acmtitlebox
 \def\@maketitle{\newpage
  \null
  \setbox\@acmtitlebox\vbox{%
 \baselineskip 20pt
 \vskip 2em                   % Vertical space above title.
    \begin{center}
     {\ttlfnt \@title\par}       % Title set in 18pt Helvetica (Arial) bold size.
     \vskip 1.5em                % Vertical space after title.
 %This should be the subtitle.
 {\subttlfnt \the\subtitletext\par}\vskip 1.25em%\fi
     {\baselineskip 16pt\aufnt   % each author set in \12 pt Arial, in a
      \lineskip .5em             % tabular environment
      \begin{tabular}[t]{c}\@author
      \end{tabular}\par}
     \vskip 1.5em               % Vertical space after author.
    \end{center}}
  \dimen0=\ht\@acmtitlebox
  \advance\dimen0 by -12.75pc\relax % Increased space for title box -- KBT
  \unvbox\@acmtitlebox
  \ifdim\dimen0<0.0pt\relax\vskip-\dimen0\fi}
 \newcount\titlenotecount
 \global\titlenotecount=0
 \newtoks\tntoks
 \newtoks\tntokstwo
 \newtoks\tntoksthree
 \newtoks\tntoksfour
 \newtoks\tntoksfive
 \def\abstract{
 \ifnum\titlenotecount>0 % was =1
     \insert\footins{%
     \reset@font\footnotesize
         \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
         \splittopskip\footnotesep
         \splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty \@MM
         \hsize\columnwidth \@parboxrestore
         \protected@edef\@currentlabel{%
         }%
         \color@begingroup
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=1
       \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\ast$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntoks\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=2
       \@maketntext{%
       \raisebox{4pt}{$\ast$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntoks\par\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\dagger$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntokstwo\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=3
       \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\ast$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntoks\par\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\dagger$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntokstwo\par\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\ddagger$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntoksthree\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=4
       \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\ast$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntoks\par\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\dagger$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntokstwo\par\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\ddagger$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntoksthree\par\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\S$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntoksfour\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=5
       \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\ast$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntoks\par\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\dagger$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntokstwo\par\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\ddagger$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntoksthree\par\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\S$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntoksfour\par\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \@maketntext{%
          \raisebox{4pt}{$\P$}\rule\z@\footnotesep\ignorespaces\the\tntoksfive\@finalstrut\strutbox}%
 \fi
    \color@endgroup} %g}
 \fi
 \setcounter{footnote}{0}
 \section*{ABSTRACT}\normalsize %\the\parskip \the\baselineskip%\ninept
+}
 \def\endabstract{\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi}
 \def\keywords{\if@twocolumn
 \section*{Keywords}
 \else \small
 \quotation
 \fi}
 % I've pulled the check for 2 cols, since proceedings are _always_
 % two-column  11 Jan 2000 gkmt
 \def\terms{%\if@twocolumn
 \section*{General Terms}
 %\else \small
 %\quotation\the\parskip
 %\fi}
+}
 % -- Classification needs to be a bit smart due to optionals - Gerry/Georgia November 2nd. 1999
 \newcount\catcount
 \global\catcount=1
 \def\category#1#2#3{%
 \ifnum\catcount=1
 \section*{Categories and Subject Descriptors}
 \advance\catcount by 1\else{\unskip; }\fi
     \@ifnextchar [{\@category{#1}{#2}{#3}}{\@category{#1}{#2}{#3}[]}%
+}
 \def\@category#1#2#3[#4]{%
     \begingroup
         \let\and\relax
             #1 [\textbf{#2}]%
             \if!#4!%
                 \if!#3!\else : #3\fi
             \else
                 :\space
                 \if!#3!\else #3\kern\z@---\hskip\z@\fi
                 \textit{#4}%
             \fi
     \endgroup
+}
+%
 %%% This section (written by KBT) handles the 1" box in the lower left
 %%% corner of the left column of the first page by creating a picture,
 %%% and inserting the predefined string at the bottom (with a negative
 %%% displacement to offset the space allocated for a non-existent
 %%% caption).
 %%%
 \newtoks\copyrightnotice
 \def\ftype@copyrightbox{8}
 \def\@copyrightspace{
 \@float{copyrightbox}[b]
 \begin{center}
 \setlength{\unitlength}{1pc}
 \begin{picture}(20,6) %Space for copyright notice
 \put(0,-0.95){\crnotice{\@toappear}}
 \end{picture}
 \end{center}
 \end@float}
 \def\@toappear{} % Default setting blank - commands below change this.
 \long\def\toappear#1{\def\@toappear{\parbox[b]{20pc}{\baselineskip 9pt#1}}}
 \def\toappearbox#1{\def\@toappear{\raisebox{5pt}{\framebox[20pc]{\parbox[b]{19pc}{#1}}}}}
 \newtoks\conf
 \newtoks\confinfo
 \def\conferenceinfo#1#2{\global\conf={#1}\global\confinfo{#2}}
 %\def\marginpar{\@latexerr{The \marginpar command is not allowed in the
 %  `acmconf' document style.}\@eha}
 \def\marginpar{\ClassError{%
     \string\marginpar\space is not allowed in the `acmconf' document		% January 2008
     style}\@eha}
 \mark{{}{}}     % Initializes TeX's marks
 \def\today{\ifcase\month\or
   January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
   July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
   \space\number\day, \number\year}
 \def\@begintheorem#1#2{%
     \trivlist
     \item[%
         \hskip 10\p@
         \hskip \labelsep
         {{\sc #1}\hskip 5\p@\relax#2.}%
+    ]
     \it
+}
 \def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{%
     \trivlist
     \item[%
         \hskip 10\p@
         \hskip \labelsep
         {\sc #1\ #2\             % This mod by Gerry to enumerate corollaries
    \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{(#3)}  % and bracket the 'corollary title'
         \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa>\z@ % and retain the correct numbering of e.g. theorems
             \hskip 5\p@\relax    % if they occur 'around' said corollaries.
             \box\@tempboxa       % Gerry - Nov. 1999.
         \fi.}%
+    ]
     \it
+}
 \newif\if@qeded
 \global\@qededfalse
 % -- original
 %\def\proof{%
 %  \vspace{-\parskip} % GM July 2000 (for tighter spacing)
 %    \global\@qededfalse
 %    \@ifnextchar[{\@xproof}{\@proof}%
 %}
 % -- end of original
 % (JSS) Fix for vertical spacing bug - Gerry Murray July 30th. 2002
 \def\proof{%
 \vspace{-\lastskip}\vspace{-\parsep}\penalty-51%
 \global\@qededfalse
 \@ifnextchar[{\@xproof}{\@proof}%
+}
 \def\endproof{%
     \if@qeded\else\qed\fi
     \endtrivlist
+}
 \def\@proof{%
     \trivlist
     \item[%
         \hskip 10\p@
         \hskip \labelsep
         {\sc Proof.}%
+    ]
     \ignorespaces
+}
 \def\@xproof[#1]{%
     \trivlist
     \item[\hskip 10\p@\hskip \labelsep{\sc Proof #1.}]%
     \ignorespaces
+}
 \def\qed{%
     \unskip
     \kern 10\p@
     \begingroup
         \unitlength\p@
         \linethickness{.4\p@}%
         \framebox(6,6){}%
     \endgroup
     \global\@qededtrue
+}
 \def\newdef#1#2{%
     \expandafter\@ifdefinable\csname #1\endcsname
         {\@definecounter{#1}%
          \expandafter\xdef\csname the#1\endcsname{\@thmcounter{#1}}%
          \global\@namedef{#1}{\@defthm{#1}{#2}}%
          \global\@namedef{end#1}{\@endtheorem}%
     }%
+}
 \def\@defthm#1#2{%
     \refstepcounter{#1}%
     \@ifnextchar[{\@ydefthm{#1}{#2}}{\@xdefthm{#1}{#2}}%
+}
 \def\@xdefthm#1#2{%
     \@begindef{#2}{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
     \ignorespaces
+}
 \def\@ydefthm#1#2[#3]{%
     \trivlist
     \item[%
         \hskip 10\p@
         \hskip \labelsep
         {\it #2%
 %         \savebox\@tempboxa{#3}%
          \saveb@x\@tempboxa{#3}%		% January 2008
          \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa>\z@
             \ \box\@tempboxa
          \fi.%
         }]%
     \ignorespaces
+}
 \def\@begindef#1#2{%
     \trivlist
     \item[%
         \hskip 10\p@
         \hskip \labelsep
         {\it #1\ \rm #2.}%
     ]%
+}
 \def\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
 \newcounter{part}
 \newcounter{section}
 \newcounter{subsection}[section]
 \newcounter{subsubsection}[subsection]
 \newcounter{paragraph}[subsubsection]
 \def\thepart{\Roman{part}}
 \def\thesection{\arabic{section}}
 \def\thesubsection{\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
 \def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection.\arabic{subsubsection}} %removed \subsecfnt 29 July 2002 gkmt
 \def\theparagraph{\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}} %removed \subsecfnt 29 July 2002 gkmt
 \newif\if@uchead
 \@ucheadfalse
 %% CHANGES: NEW NOTE
 %% NOTE: OK to use old-style font commands below, since they were
 %% suitably redefined for LaTeX2e
 %% END CHANGES
 \setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
 \def\part{%
     \@startsection{part}{9}{\z@}{-10\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -2\p@}
         {4\p@}{\normalsize\@ucheadtrue}%
+}
 % Rationale for changes made in next four definitions:
 % "Before skip" is made elastic to provide some give in setting columns (vs.
 % parskip, which is non-elastic to keep section headers "anchored" to their
 % subsequent text.
+%
 % "After skip" is minimized -- BUT setting it to 0pt resulted in run-in heads, despite
 % the documentation asserted only after-skip < 0pt would have result.
+%
 % Baselineskip added to style to ensure multi-line section titles, and section heads
 % followed by another section head rather than text, are decently spaced vertically.
 % 12 Jan 2000 gkmt
 \def\section{%
     \@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}{-10\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -2\p@}%
     {0.5pt}{\baselineskip=14pt\secfnt\@ucheadtrue}%
+}
 \def\subsection{%
     \@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-10\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -2\p@}
     {0.5pt}{\baselineskip=14pt\secfnt}%
+}
 \def\subsubsection{%
     \@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-10\p@ \@plus -4\p@ \@minus -2\p@}%
     {0.5pt}{\baselineskip=14pt\subsecfnt}%
+}
 %\def\paragraph{%
 %    \vskip 12pt\@startsection{paragraph}{3}{\z@}{6\p@ \@plus \p@}% original
 %    {-5\p@}{\subsecfnt}%
 %}
 %  If one wants sections, subsections and subsubsections numbered,
 %  but not paragraphs, one usually sets secnumepth to 3.
 %  For that, the "depth" of paragraphs must be given correctly
 %  in the definition (``4'' instead of ``3'' as second argument
 %  of @startsection):
 \def\paragraph{%
     \vskip 12pt\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}{6\p@ \@plus \p@}%    % GM and Wolfgang May - 11/30/06
     {-5\p@}{\subsecfnt}%
+}
 \let\@period=.
 \def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{%
         \if@noskipsec  %gkmt, 11 aug 99
         \global\let\@period\@empty
         \leavevmode
         \global\let\@period.%
     \fi
     \par
     \@tempskipa #4\relax
     \@afterindenttrue
     \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@
         \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa
         \@afterindentfalse
     \fi
     %\if@nobreak  11 Jan 00 gkmt
         %\everypar{}
     %\else
         \addpenalty\@secpenalty
         \addvspace\@tempskipa
     %\fi
     \parskip=0pt
     \@ifstar
         {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}
         {\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}%
+}
 \def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{%
   \@tempskipa #3\relax
   \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
     \begingroup
       #4{%
         \@hangfrom{\hskip #1}%
           \interlinepenalty \@M #5\@@par}%
     \endgroup
   \else
     \def\@svsechd{#4{\hskip #1\relax #5}}%
   \fi
   \vskip -10.5pt  %gkmt, 7 jan 00 -- had been -14pt, now set to parskip
   \@xsect{#3}\parskip=10.5pt} % within the starred section, parskip = leading 12 Jan 2000 gkmt
 \def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{%
     \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
         \let\@svsec\@empty
     \else
         \refstepcounter{#1}%
         \edef\@svsec{%
             \begingroup
                 %\ifnum#2>2 \noexpand\rm \fi % changed to next 29 July 2002 gkmt
             \ifnum#2>2 \noexpand#6 \fi
                 \csname the#1\endcsname
             \endgroup
             \ifnum #2=1\relax .\fi
             \hskip 1em
         }%
     \fi
     \@tempskipa #5\relax
     \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
         \begingroup
             #6\relax
             \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}%
             \begingroup
                 \interlinepenalty \@M
                 \if@uchead
                     \uppercase{#8}%
                 \else
                     #8%
                 \fi
                 \par
             \endgroup
         \endgroup
         \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
         \vskip -10.5pt  % -14pt gkmt, 11 aug 99 -- changed to -\parskip 11 Jan 2000
       \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
             \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
                 \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
             \fi
             #7%
         }%
     \else
         \def\@svsechd{%
             #6%
             \hskip #3\relax
             \@svsec
             \if@uchead
                 \uppercase{#8}%
             \else
                 #8%
             \fi
             \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}%
             \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{%
                 \ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
                     \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}%
                 \fi
                 #7%
             }%
         }%
     \fi
     \@xsect{#5}\parskip=10.5pt% within the section, parskip = leading 12 Jan 2000 gkmt
+}
 \def\@xsect#1{%
     \@tempskipa #1\relax
     \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
         \par
         \nobreak
         \vskip \@tempskipa
         \@afterheading
     \else
         \global\@nobreakfalse
         \global\@noskipsectrue
         \everypar{%
             \if@noskipsec
                 \global\@noskipsecfalse
                 \clubpenalty\@M
                 \hskip -\parindent
                 \begingroup
                     \@svsechd
                     \@period
                 \endgroup
                 \unskip
                 \@tempskipa #1\relax
                 \hskip -\@tempskipa
             \else
                 \clubpenalty \@clubpenalty
                 \everypar{}%
             \fi
         }%
     \fi
     \ignorespaces
+}
 \def\@trivlist{%
     \@topsepadd\topsep
     \if@noskipsec
         \global\let\@period\@empty
         \leavevmode
         \global\let\@period.%
     \fi
     \ifvmode
         \advance\@topsepadd\partopsep
     \else
         \unskip
         \par
     \fi
     \if@inlabel
         \@noparitemtrue
         \@noparlisttrue
     \else
         \@noparlistfalse
         \@topsep\@topsepadd
     \fi
     \advance\@topsep \parskip
     \leftskip\z@skip
     \rightskip\@rightskip
     \parfillskip\@flushglue
     \@setpar{\if@newlist\else{\@@par}\fi}
     \global\@newlisttrue
     \@outerparskip\parskip
+}
 %%% Actually, 'abbrev' works just fine as the default - Gerry Feb. 2000
 %%% Bibliography style.
 \parindent 0pt
 \typeout{Using 'Abbrev' bibliography style}
 \newcommand\bibyear[2]{%
     \unskip\quad\ignorespaces#1\unskip
     \if#2..\quad \else \quad#2 \fi
+}
 \newcommand{\bibemph}[1]{{\em#1}}
 \newcommand{\bibemphic}[1]{{\em#1\/}}
 \newcommand{\bibsc}[1]{{\sc#1}}
 \def\@normalcite{%
     \def\@cite##1##2{[##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi]}%
+}
 \def\@citeNB{%
     \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi}%
+}
 \def\@citeRB{%
     \def\@cite##1##2{##1\if@tempswa , ##2\fi]}%
+}
 \def\start@cite#1#2{%
     \edef\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{%
         ###1%
         \ifnum#2=\z@ \else\ ###2\fi
     }%
     \ifnum#1=\thr@@
         \let\@@cite\@citeyear
     \else
         \let\@@cite\@citenormal
     \fi
     \@ifstar{\@citeNB\@@cite}{\@normalcite\@@cite}%
+}
 %\def\cite{\start@cite23}
 \DeclareRobustCommand\cite{\start@cite23}		% January 2008
 \def\citeNP{\cite*}					% No Parentheses e.g. 5
 %\def\citeA{\start@cite10}
 \DeclareRobustCommand\citeA{\start@cite10}		% January 2008
 \def\citeANP{\citeA*}
 %\def\shortcite{\start@cite23}
 \DeclareRobustCommand\shortcite{\start@cite23}		% January 2008
 \def\shortciteNP{\shortcite*}
 %\def\shortciteA{\start@cite20}
 \DeclareRobustCommand\shortciteA{\start@cite20}		% January 2008
 \def\shortciteANP{\shortciteA*}
 %\def\citeyear{\start@cite30}
 \DeclareRobustCommand\citeyear{\start@cite30}		% January 2008
 \def\citeyearNP{\citeyear*}
 %\def\citeN{%
 \DeclareRobustCommand\citeN{%				% January 2008
     \@citeRB
     \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##1\ [##3%
         \def\reserved@a{##1}%
         \def\citeauthoryear####1####2####3{%
             \def\reserved@b{####1}%
             \ifx\reserved@a\reserved@b
                 ####3%
             \else
                 \errmessage{Package acmart Error: author mismatch
                          in \string\citeN^^J^^J%
                     See the acmart package documentation for explanation}%
             \fi
         }%
     }%
     \@ifstar\@citeyear\@citeyear
+}
 %\def\shortciteN{%
 \DeclareRobustCommand\shortciteN{%			% January 2008
     \@citeRB
     \def\citeauthoryear##1##2##3{##2\ [##3%
         \def\reserved@a{##2}%
         \def\citeauthoryear####1####2####3{%
             \def\reserved@b{####2}%
             \ifx\reserved@a\reserved@b
                 ####3%
             \else
                 \errmessage{Package acmart Error: author mismatch
                          in \string\shortciteN^^J^^J%
                     See the acmart package documentation for explanation}%
             \fi
         }%
     }%
     \@ifstar\@citeyear\@citeyear % changed from  "\@ifstart" 12 Jan 2000 gkmt
+}
 \def\@citenormal{%
     \@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citex;}%
 % original                 {\@tempswafalse\@citex,[]}% was ; Gerry 2/24/00
 {\@tempswafalse\@citex[]}%  	% GERRY FIX FOR BABEL 3/20/2009
+}
 \def\@citeyear{%
     \@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citex,}%
 % original                  {\@tempswafalse\@citex,[]}%
 {\@tempswafalse\@citex[]}%	%  GERRY FIX FOR BABEL 3/20/2009
+}
 \def\@citex#1[#2]#3{%
     \let\@citea\@empty
     \@cite{%
         \@for\@citeb:=#3\do{%
             \@citea
 % original            \def\@citea{#1 }%
             \def\@citea{#1, }% 	% GERRY FIX FOR BABEL 3/20/2009 -- SO THAT YOU GET [1, 2] IN THE BODY TEXT
             \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@iden\@citeb}%
             \if@filesw
                 \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{\@citeb}}%
             \fi
             \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{%
                 {\bf ?}%
                 \@warning{%
                     Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage\space undefined%
                 }%
             }%
             {\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
         }%
     }{#2}%
+}
 %\let\@biblabel\@gobble   % Dec. 2008 - Gerry
 % ----
 \def\@biblabelnum#1{[#1]} % Gerry's solution #1 - for Natbib
 \let\@biblabel=\@biblabelnum  % Gerry's solution #1 - for Natbib
 \def\newblock{\relax} % Gerry Dec. 2008
 % ---
 \newdimen\bibindent
 \setcounter{enumi}{1}
 \bibindent=0em
 \def\thebibliography#1{%
 \ifnum\addauflag=0\addauthorsection\global\addauflag=1\fi
      \section[References]{%    <=== OPTIONAL ARGUMENT ADDED HERE
         {References} % was uppercased but this affects pdf bookmarks (SP/GM October 2004)
          \@mkboth{{\refname}}{{\refname}}%
      }%
      \list{[\arabic{enumi}]}{%
          \settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}%
          \leftmargin\labelwidth
          \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
          \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
          \parsep=0pt\itemsep=1pt % GM July 2000
          \itemindent -\bibindent
          \listparindent \itemindent
          \usecounter{enumi}
      }%
      \let\newblock\@empty
      \raggedright % GM July 2000
      \sloppy
      \sfcode`\.=1000\relax
+}
 \gdef\balancecolumns
 {\vfill\eject
 \global\@colht=\textheight
 \global\ht\@cclv=\textheight
+}
 \newcount\colcntr
 \global\colcntr=0
 %\newbox\savebox
 \newbox\saveb@x				% January 2008
 \gdef \@makecol {%
 \global\advance\colcntr by 1
 \ifnum\colcntr>2 \global\colcntr=1\fi
    \ifvoid\footins
      \setbox\@outputbox \box\@cclv
    \else
      \setbox\@outputbox \vbox{%
 \boxmaxdepth \@maxdepth
        \@tempdima\dp\@cclv
        \unvbox \@cclv
        \vskip-\@tempdima
        \vskip \skip\footins
        \color@begingroup
          \normalcolor
          \footnoterule
          \unvbox \footins
        \color@endgroup
        }%
    \fi
    \xdef\@freelist{\@freelist\@midlist}%
    \global \let \@midlist \@empty
    \@combinefloats
    \ifvbox\@kludgeins
      \@makespecialcolbox
    \else
      \setbox\@outputbox \vbox to\@colht {%
 \@texttop
        \dimen@ \dp\@outputbox
        \unvbox \@outputbox
    \vskip -\dimen@
        \@textbottom
        }%
    \fi
    \global \maxdepth \@maxdepth
+}
 \def\titlenote{\@ifnextchar[\@xtitlenote{\stepcounter\@mpfn
 \global\advance\titlenotecount by 1
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=1
     \raisebox{9pt}{$\ast$}
 \fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=2
     \raisebox{9pt}{$\dagger$}
 \fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=3
     \raisebox{9pt}{$\ddagger$}
 \fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=4
 \raisebox{9pt}{$\S$}
 \fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=5
 \raisebox{9pt}{$\P$}
 \fi
          \@titlenotetext
 }}
 \long\def\@titlenotetext#1{\insert\footins{%
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=1\global\tntoks={#1}\fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=2\global\tntokstwo={#1}\fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=3\global\tntoksthree={#1}\fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=4\global\tntoksfour={#1}\fi
 \ifnum\titlenotecount=5\global\tntoksfive={#1}\fi
     \reset@font\footnotesize
     \interlinepenalty\interfootnotelinepenalty
     \splittopskip\footnotesep
     \splitmaxdepth \dp\strutbox \floatingpenalty \@MM
     \hsize\columnwidth \@parboxrestore
     \protected@edef\@currentlabel{%
     }%
     \color@begingroup
    \color@endgroup}}
 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 \ps@plain
 \baselineskip=11pt
 \let\thepage\relax % For  NO page numbers - Gerry Nov. 30th. 1999
 \def\setpagenumber#1{\global\setcounter{page}{#1}}
 %\pagenumbering{arabic}  % Arabic page numbers but commented out for NO page numbes - Gerry Nov. 30th. 1999
 \twocolumn             % Double column.
 \flushbottom           % Even bottom -- alas, does not balance columns at end of document
 \pagestyle{plain}
 % Need Copyright Year and Copyright Data to be user definable (in .tex file).
 % Gerry Nov. 30th. 1999
 \newtoks\copyrtyr
 \newtoks\acmcopyr
 \newtoks\boilerplate
 \def\CopyrightYear#1{\global\copyrtyr{#1}}
 \def\crdata#1{\global\acmcopyr{#1}}
 \def\permission#1{\global\boilerplate{#1}}
+%
 \newtoks\copyrightetc
 \global\copyrightetc{\ } %  Need to have 'something' so that adequate space is left for pasting in a line if "confinfo" is supplied.
 \toappear{\the\boilerplate\par
 {\confname{\the\conf}} \the\confinfo\par \the\copyrightetc}
 % End of ACM_PROC_ARTICLE-SP.CLS -- V3.2SP - 04/22/2009 --
 % Gerry Murray -- Wednesday April 22nd. 2009
+%
 % The following section (i.e. 3 .sty inclusions) was added in May 2007 so as to fix the problems that many
 % authors were having with accents. Sometimes accents would occur, but the letter-character would be of a different
 % font. Conversely the letter-character font would be correct but, e.g. a 'bar' would appear superimposed on the
 % character instead of, say, an unlaut/diaresis. Sometimes the letter-character would NOT appear at all.
 % Using [T1]{fontenc} outright was not an option as this caused 99% of the authors to 'produce' a Type-3 (bitmapped)
 % PDF file - useless for production.
+%
 % For proper (font) accenting we NEED these packages to be part of the .cls file i.e. 'ae', 'aecompl' and 'aeguil'
 % ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 %% This is file `ae.sty'
 \def\fileversion{1.3}
 \def\filedate{2001/02/12}
 \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
 %\ProvidesPackage{ae}[\filedate\space\fileversion\space  % GM
 % Almost European Computer Modern]                       % GM - keeping the log file clean(er)
 \newif\if@ae@slides \@ae@slidesfalse
 \DeclareOption{slides}{\@ae@slidestrue}
 \ProcessOptions
 \fontfamily{aer}
 \RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}
 \if@ae@slides
     \renewcommand{\sfdefault}{laess}
     \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{laess} % no roman
     \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{laett}
 \else
     \renewcommand{\sfdefault}{aess}
     \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{aer}
     \renewcommand{\ttdefault}{aett}
 \fi
 \endinput
 %%
 %% End of file `ae.sty'.
+%
+%
 \def\fileversion{0.9}
 \def\filedate{1998/07/23}
 \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
 %\ProvidesPackage{aecompl}[\filedate\space\fileversion\space   % GM
 %T1 Complements for AE fonts (D. Roegel)]                      % GM -- keeping the log file clean(er)
 \def\@ae@compl#1{{\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{cmr}\selectfont\symbol{#1}}}
 \def\guillemotleft{\@ae@compl{19}}
 \def\guillemotright{\@ae@compl{20}}
 \def\guilsinglleft{\@ae@compl{14}}
 \def\guilsinglright{\@ae@compl{15}}
 \def\TH{\@ae@compl{222}}
 \def\NG{\@ae@compl{141}}
 \def\ng{\@ae@compl{173}}
 \def\th{\@ae@compl{254}}
 \def\DJ{\@ae@compl{208}}
 \def\dj{\@ae@compl{158}}
 \def\DH{\@ae@compl{208}}
 \def\dh{\@ae@compl{240}}
 \def\@perthousandzero{\@ae@compl{24}}
 \def\textperthousand{\%\@perthousandzero}
 \def\textpertenthousand{\%\@perthousandzero\@perthousandzero}
 \endinput
+%
+%
 %% This is file `aeguill.sty'
 % This file gives french guillemets (and not guillemots!)
 % built with the Polish CMR fonts (default), WNCYR fonts, the LASY fonts
 % or with the EC fonts.
 % This is useful in conjunction with the ae package
 % (this package loads the ae package in case it has not been loaded)
 %  and with or without the french(le) package.
+%
 % In order to get the guillemets, it is necessary to either type
 % \guillemotleft and \guillemotright, or to use an 8 bit encoding
 % (such as ISO-Latin1) which selects these two commands,
 % or, if you use the french package (but not the frenchle package),
 % to type << or >>.
+%
 % By default, you get the Polish CMR guillemets; if this package is loaded
 % with the `cm' option, you get the LASY guillemets; with `ec,' you
 % get the EC guillemets, and with `cyr,' you get the cyrillic guillemets.
+%
 % In verbatim mode, you always get the EC/TT guillemets.
+%
 % The default option is interesting in conjunction with PDF,
 % because there is a Type 1 version of the Polish CMR fonts
 % and these guillemets are very close in shape to the EC guillemets.
 % There are no free Type 1 versions of the EC fonts.
+%
 % Support for Polish CMR guillemets was kindly provided by
 % Rolf Niepraschk <niepraschk@ptb.de> in version 0.99 (2000/05/22).
 % Bernd Raichle provided extensive simplifications to the code
 % for version 1.00.
+%
 % This package is released under the LPPL.
+%
 % Changes:
 %   Date        version
 %   2001/04/12  1.01    the frenchle and french package are now distinguished.
+%
 \def\fileversion{1.01}
 \def\filedate{2001/04/12}
 \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
 %\ProvidesPackage{aeguill}[2001/04/12 1.01 %    % GM
 %AE fonts with french guillemets (D. Roegel)]   % GM - keeping the log file clean(er)
 %\RequirePackage{ae}  % GM May 2007 - already embedded here
 \newcommand{\@ae@switch}[4]{#4}
 \DeclareOption{ec}{\renewcommand\@ae@switch[4]{#1}}
 \DeclareOption{cm}{\renewcommand\@ae@switch[4]{#2}}
 \DeclareOption{cyr}{\renewcommand\@ae@switch[4]{#3}}
 \DeclareOption{pl}{\renewcommand\@ae@switch[4]{#4}}
 \ExecuteOptions{pl}
 \ProcessOptions
+%
 % Load necessary packages
+%
 \@ae@switch{% ec
   % do nothing
 }{% cm
   \RequirePackage{latexsym}%  GM - May 2007 - already 'mentioned as required' up above
 }{% cyr
   \RequirePackage[OT2,T1]{fontenc}%
 }{% pl
   \RequirePackage[OT4,T1]{fontenc}%
+}
 % The following command will be compared to \frenchname,
 % as defined in french.sty and frenchle.sty.
 \def\aeguillfrenchdefault{french}%
 \let\guill@verbatim@font\verbatim@font
 \def\verbatim@font{\guill@verbatim@font\ecguills{cmtt}%
                    \let\guillemotleft\@oguills\let\guillemotright\@fguills}
 \begingroup \catcode`\<=13 \catcode`\>=13
 \def\x{\endgroup
  \def\ae@lfguill{<<}%
  \def\ae@rfguill{>>}%
 }\x
 \newcommand{\ecguills}[1]{%
   \def\selectguillfont{\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{#1}\selectfont}%
   \def\@oguills{{\selectguillfont\symbol{19}}}%
   \def\@fguills{{\selectguillfont\symbol{20}}}%
+  }
 \newcommand{\aeguills}{%
   \ae@guills
   % We redefine \guillemotleft and \guillemotright
   % in order to catch them when they are used
   % with \DeclareInputText (in latin1.def for instance)
   % We use \auxWARNINGi as a safe indicator that french.sty is used.
   \gdef\guillemotleft{\ifx\auxWARNINGi\undefined
                          \@oguills % neither french.sty nor frenchle.sty
                       \else
                          \ifx\aeguillfrenchdefault\frenchname
                            \ae@lfguill  % french.sty
                          \else
                            \@oguills    % frenchle.sty
                          \fi
                       \fi}%
   \gdef\guillemotright{\ifx\auxWARNINGi\undefined
                          \@fguills % neither french.sty nor frenchle.sty
                        \else
                          \ifx\aeguillfrenchdefault\frenchname
                            \ae@rfguill  % french.sty
                          \else
                            \@fguills    % frenchle.sty
                          \fi
                        \fi}%
+  }
+%
 % Depending on the class option
 % define the internal command \ae@guills
 \@ae@switch{% ec
   \newcommand{\ae@guills}{%
     \ecguills{cmr}}%
 }{% cm
   \newcommand{\ae@guills}{%
     \def\selectguillfont{\fontencoding{U}\fontfamily{lasy}%
             \fontseries{m}\fontshape{n}\selectfont}%
     \def\@oguills{\leavevmode\nobreak
                 \hbox{\selectguillfont (\kern-.20em(\kern.20em}\nobreak}%
     \def\@fguills{\leavevmode\nobreak
                 \hbox{\selectguillfont \kern.20em)\kern-.2em)}%
                 \ifdim\fontdimen\@ne\font>\z@\/\fi}}%
 }{% cyr
   \newcommand{\ae@guills}{%
     \def\selectguillfont{\fontencoding{OT2}\fontfamily{wncyr}\selectfont}%
     \def\@oguills{{\selectguillfont\symbol{60}}}%
     \def\@fguills{{\selectguillfont\symbol{62}}}}
 }{% pl
   \newcommand{\ae@guills}{%
     \def\selectguillfont{\fontencoding{OT4}\fontfamily{cmr}\selectfont}%
     \def\@oguills{{\selectguillfont\symbol{174}}}%
     \def\@fguills{{\selectguillfont\symbol{175}}}}
+}
 \AtBeginDocument{%
   \ifx\GOfrench\undefined
     \aeguills
   \else
     \let\aeguill@GOfrench\GOfrench
     \gdef\GOfrench{\aeguill@GOfrench \aeguills}%
   \fi
+  }
 \endinput
+%

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@@ new file 100644 @@
 % THIS IS SIGPROC-SP.TEX - VERSION 3.1
 % WORKS WITH V3.2SP OF ACM_PROC_ARTICLE-SP.CLS
 % APRIL 2009
+%
 % It is an example file showing how to use the 'acm_proc_article-sp.cls' V3.2SP
 % LaTeX2e document class file for Conference Proceedings submissions.
 % ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 % This .tex file (and associated .cls V3.2SP) *DOES NOT* produce:
 %       1) The Permission Statement
 %       2) The Conference (location) Info information
 %       3) The Copyright Line with ACM data
 %       4) Page numbering
 % ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 % It is an example which *does* use the .bib file (from which the .bbl file
 % is produced).
 % REMEMBER HOWEVER: After having produced the .bbl file,
 % and prior to final submission,
 % you need to 'insert'  your .bbl file into your source .tex file so as to provide
 % ONE 'self-contained' source file.
+%
 % Questions regarding SIGS should be sent to
 % Adrienne Griscti ---> griscti@acm.org
+%
 % Questions/suggestions regarding the guidelines, .tex and .cls files, etc. to
 % Gerald Murray ---> murray@hq.acm.org
+%
 % For tracking purposes - this is V3.1SP - APRIL 2009
 \documentclass{acm_proc_article-sp}
 \usepackage{graphicx}
 \usepackage{subcaption}
 \usepackage{booktabs}
 \usepackage{color, colortbl}
 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
 \usepackage{multirow}
 \usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{xcolor}
 \begin{document}
 \title{Items that Trigger Clicks upon Recommendation}
 % You need the command \numberofauthors to handle the 'placement
 % and alignment' of the authors beneath the title.
+%
 % For aesthetic reasons, we recommend 'three authors at a time'
 % i.e. three 'name/affiliation blocks' be placed beneath the title.
+%
 % NOTE: You are NOT restricted in how many 'rows' of
 % name/affiliations may appear. We just ask that you restrict
 % the number of 'columns' to three.
+%
 % Because of the available 'opening page real-estate'
 % we ask you to refrain from putting more than six authors
 % (two rows with three columns) beneath the article title.
 % More than six makes the first-page appear very cluttered indeed.
+%
 % Use the \alignauthor commands to handle the names
 % and affiliations for an 'aesthetic maximum' of six authors.
 % Add names, affiliations, addresses for
 % the seventh etc. author(s) as the argument for the
 % \additionalauthors command.
 % These 'additional authors' will be output/set for you
 % without further effort on your part as the last section in
 % the body of your article BEFORE References or any Appendices.
 % \numberofauthors{8} %  in this sample file, there are a *total*
 % of EIGHT authors. SIX appear on the 'first-page' (for formatting
 % reasons) and the remaining two appear in the \additionalauthors section.
+%
 \author{
 % You can go ahead and credit any number of authors here,
 % e.g. one 'row of three' or two rows (consisting of one row of three
 % and a second row of one, two or three).
+%
 % The command \alignauthor (no curly braces needed) should
 % precede each author name, affiliation/snail-mail address and
 % e-mail address. Additionally, tag each line of
 % affiliation/address with \affaddr, and tag the
 % e-mail address with \email.
+%
 % 1st. author
 % \alignauthor
 % Ben Trovato\titlenote{Dr.~Trovato insisted his name be first.}\\
 %        \affaddr{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}\\
 %        \affaddr{1932 Wallamaloo Lane}\\
 %        \affaddr{Wallamaloo, New Zealand}\\
 %        \email{trovato@corporation.com}
 % % 2nd. author
 % \alignauthor
 % G.K.M. Tobin\titlenote{The secretary disavows
 % any knowledge of this author's actions.}\\
 %        \affaddr{Institute for Clarity in Documentation}\\
 %        \affaddr{P.O. Box 1212}\\
 %        \affaddr{Dublin, Ohio 43017-6221}\\
 %        \email{webmaster@marysville-ohio.com}
 % % 3rd. author
 % \alignauthor Lars Th{\o}rv{\a}ld\titlenote{This author is the
 % one who did all the really hard work.}\\
 %        \affaddr{The Th{\o}rv{\a}ld Group}\\
 %        \affaddr{1 Th{\o}rv{\a}ld Circle}\\
 %        \affaddr{Hekla, Iceland}\\
 %        \email{larst@affiliation.org}
 % \and  % use '\and' if you need 'another row' of author names
 % % 4th. author
 % \alignauthor Lawrence P. Leipuner\\
 %        \affaddr{Brookhaven Laboratories}\\
 %        \affaddr{Brookhaven National Lab}\\
 %        \affaddr{P.O. Box 5000}\\
 %        \email{lleipuner@researchlabs.org}
 % % 5th. author
 % \alignauthor Sean Fogarty\\
 %        \affaddr{NASA Ames Research Center}\\
 %        \affaddr{Moffett Field}\\
 %        \affaddr{California 94035}\\
 %        \email{fogartys@amesres.org}
 % % 6th. author
 % \alignauthor Charles Palmer\\
 %        \affaddr{Palmer Research Laboratories}\\
 %        \affaddr{8600 Datapoint Drive}\\
 %        \affaddr{San Antonio, Texas 78229}\\
 %        \email{cpalmer@prl.com}
+}
 % There's nothing stopping you putting the seventh, eighth, etc.
 % author on the opening page (as the 'third row') but we ask,
 % for aesthetic reasons that you place these 'additional authors'
 % in the \additional authors block, viz.
 % \additionalauthors{Additional authors: John Smith (The Th{\o}rv{\a}ld Group,
 % email: {\texttt{jsmith@affiliation.org}}) and Julius P.~Kumquat
 % (The Kumquat Consortium, email: {\texttt{jpkumquat@consortium.net}}).}
 % \date{30 July 1999}
 % Just remember to make sure that the TOTAL number of authors
 % is the number that will appear on the first page PLUS the
 % number that will appear in the \additionalauthors section.
 \maketitle
 %opening
 \title{Items that trigger clicks on recommendation}
 \author{}
 \maketitle
 \begin{abstract}
 In a setting where  recommendations are provided to users when they are viewing a particular item, what factors contribute to the user clicking on some items and not on others?  We examine what triggers users to click on those recommended items in relation to the items the user is currently viewing. More specifically, we examine the items from which clicks happen and what type of items get clicked. Are some items more likely to cause the user to click  on recommendations and are some recommendations more likely to be clicked?  We attempt to explain the factors that trigger clicks on recommendations from different angles.
 \end{abstract}
 \section{Introduction}
 In a recommendation setting where recommendations are provided to a user on the item that the user is reading,   one might wonder whether some items trigger  clicks  more than others, and if they do, what could  possibly explain that?  In a study on the similar Plista dataset \cite{said2013month}, it was found that traditional news portals providing news and opinions on politics and current events are more likely to generate clicks on recommendation than special interest portals such as sports,  gardening, and automechanic forums. In this study, we focus on one traditional news portal, tagespiegel and examine it to find out factors that trigger recommendations on clicks or lack thereof. %wether some categories are more likely to recieve clicks on recommendations. We also even go further and look at what type of items are more likely to trigger more clicks than others.
 In this study we examine this factors that might trigger clicks on recommendations  from several angles. One angle  is from  the categories of items the user is currently reading. More specifically, are some categories of items  more likely to  cause the user to click on recommendations? How are the categories of the base item and the categories of the recommendation items related. Are some categories  more likely to trigger clicks on some categories? For example, is political category more likely to trigger clicks on political categories, or another category such as local category?
 We also go down to the item level and look at what items are more likely to trigger clicks, and what recommendation items are more likely to be clicked. To accomplish this task, we focus on items of categories that trigger more clicks. We identify items that triggered more clicks and items that caused less clicks. We also examine the relationship of the items that triggered clicks and the recommendations that are clicked and not clicked.
 Finally, we zoomed in on some items that show high variance score and look in to the recommendation to find out what type of items got clicked and what other itesm got ignored. We believe this provides us with a lower-level understanding of the factors that trigger clicks or the lack thereof.
 We also examine  the relationship of the contenet of the base items and the items that are clicked to glean any relationship. For this, we employ contenet similarity measures between the base item and those items that are clicked from the base item. %A third angle is to look at the relationship between the  content of the base item and the items that are clicked from it. %This is interesting because sometimes it is not clear whether there i a direct relationship between the content similarity and behavioral factors.
 we can also look at  whether users actually clicked on those items which have some geographical relevance in the sense that the items are about the geographical region that they come from too.
 The insights from examining which categories and items generate trigger clicks is important because 1) we understand what makes users click on an item 2) to target those items that generate clicks and to decrease recommendations on those categories that do not trigger recommendations.
 \section{Dataset, Results and Analysis}
 We ussed Plista dataset of of one month from Plsia. Plista is a company that provides a recommendation platform where recommendation providers are inked with online publishers in need of recommendation sertvice. From a datset collected over a month,  we extracted the number of times items have been shown and the number of times that items have been clicked from them. It is not easy to get the exact number of times recommendations have been shown on an item. We assume that the number of times an item has been viewed as the number of times recommendations were shown. Although each time an item is viewed, more than one item (usually 5 items) are shown to the user as recommendations, we just count the number of clicks that have happened from those items regardless of which items are clicked.
 Figure \ref{fig:view_click} shows the plot of views and clicks. Because of the big difference between views and clicks, the view and click plots appear to be the same, except at the beginning. However, when we focus on the first 100 items that have been viewed the most, we obtaine the view plot in Figure \ref{fig:view100} and the corresponding clicks that the views triggered produce the click plot in Figure \ref{fig:click100}. The plots were generated by first sorting the scores accroding to views. The rough click plot shows that some items are more likely to trigger clicks on recommendations than others.
  \begin{figure} [t]
 \centering
 \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{img/tage_view_click.pdf}
 \label{fig:view_click}
 \caption{Plots of views and clicks on Tagesspiegel and Ksta.}
 \end{figure}
  \begin{figure} [t]
 \centering
 \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{img/tage_view100.pdf}
 \label{fig:view100}
 \caption{Plot of the most viewed 100 items}
 \end{figure}
  \begin{figure} [t]
 \centering
 \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{img/tage_click100.pdf}
 \label{fig:click100}
 \caption{Plot of the clicks triggered from the 100 most viewed items}
 \end{figure}
 \begin{table}
 \caption{A table showing the views, clicks, and ctr of the 12 categories of Tagesspiegel that we considred. }
   \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
 \hline
            category  &  Views & Clicks & CTR (\%)\\
            \hline
       auto&2875&3246&14&0.43\\
 berlin&2875&88473&2031&2.3\\
 kultur&2875&12218&294&2.41\\
 medien&2875&19565&530&2.71\\
 meinung&2875&12290&144&1.17\\
 politik&2875&52658&1906&3.62\\
 sport&2875&22489&479&2.13\\
 weltspiegel&2875&16395&435&2.65\\
 wirtschaft&2875&17446&476&2.73\\
 wissen&2875&5861&71&1.21\\
    \hline
   \end{tabular}
   \label{ctr}
 \end{table}
 To start to explain the observation that some items trigger more clicks that others, we aggeragated the items (both views and clicks) by 12 categories. These are the main categories that are shown in the tagespiegel website.
 Table \ref{ctr} presents the views. clicks and CTR scores for 12 ctegories of items we considred. The table is sorted by CTR. We observe that political items trigger clicks more than any other category. After political items, the categories of opinion and the the Berlin local categories trigger more clicks on recommendations. Special categories such as culture and and automechanic trigger the least clicks on recommendations. This is consistent with previous findings that reported special interest portals enjoyed less clicks than tradiional and mainstream news and opinion portals.
 \subsection{Clicked and Rejected Items}
 We plan to extract a sample of base items with  recommended and clicked items and separate them into clicked and rejected recommendations. We then compare the contenet of the clicked items with the contenet of the base item. We also do the same with the rejected items and see if there is any similarities/differences bertween these two categories.  The sepration of clicked and rejected items and comparing them to the base item is similar to the sepration of recommended moviews into viwed and ignored in \cite{nguyen2014exploring}.
 On the same dataset, there has been a study on the transition probababilities of users on the categories \cite{esiyok2014users}. The finding was that there is a relationship between what the user is reading on and what the user  reads next. They  report that the category local and sports enjoyed the most loyal readers, that is that a user reading on local items will more likely keep reading items of the same categoy. This study was on genral reading. In this study 1) we repeat the same study on a dataset from a different time and 2) we analyze results in terms of similarity of content with the base items.
 Question for myself: Is it maybe possible to compute the category CTR's? Like a hitmap of the CTRs where the recommendations are subsidvided to their categories and a CTR is computed? I think so. We can also go durther and look at the contenet similarities. Further, we can look at what type of items trigger more clicks by selecting some items which generated more clicks and analyzing them.
 \begin{table*}
 \caption{A heatmap of the the categories recommendation clicks. }
   \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
 \hline
 berlin&politik&wirtschaft&sport&kultur&weltspiegel&meinung&medien&wissen&auto\\
 berlin&2.62&2.08&1.14&2.08&1.69&2.27&1.61&4.32&1.22&0.4\\
 politik&3.89&3.16&0.94&3.2&3.75&4.59&3.04&5.88&2.99&0.21\\
 wirtschaft&2.53&2.89&0.9&1.74&1.52&1.95&3.48&8.43&2.83&0\\
 sport&2.37&2.06&1.47&1.95&2.48&1.68&1.06&4.61&0.29&0.64\\
 kultur&2.15&2.84&0.71&1.98&1.55&3.16&1.62&4.77&0.62&0\\
 weltspiegel&1.86&3.32&2.15&1.14&6.2&2.22&4.39&4.3&2.22&0\\
 meinung&1.66&1.14&0&1.05&1.72&0.64&1.46&0.92&0&1.52\\
 medien&1.97&4.32&2.33&1.3&4.46&4.03&1.93&2.42&0.86&0.95\\
 wissen&1.3&1.15&1.82&0&0&2.43&2.3&1.13&0&0\\
 auto&0.22&0.92&0&0.52&0&0&0&1.22&2&0\\
  \hline
   \end{tabular}
   \label{heatmap}
 \end{table*}
 The hitmap in Table \ref{heatmap} shows the CTR heatmap of recommendation clicks. For example  if we look at the politk row, we see that the CTR from politics to politics is the highest than from politics to any other category.  We also observe that the CTR from local category Berlin to politics is higher than from the local category Berlin to any other category including to itself. A little surprising result is the high CTR from media to politics.
 The way we extracted our recommendations and clciks is a little uncertan. In the Plista setting, when click results are reported to users, they are not known whose recommendations are being clicked. So while we know our recommendation, we do not know for sure how much of the click notifications that we recieve belong to our recommendations. To extract our clciks, we introduced a time frame of 5 minutes. That is if the click notification happens in with in a range of time, in our case 5 minutes, we consider the clcik is on our recommendations. We consider the click information is a bit inflated for users might not stay for more than 5 minutes. While the actual CTR might be a bit inflated as a result of the inflated number of clicks, we consider the relative scores as indicative of the true difference.
 To find out therelationship between base item recommendation pairs that resulted in high CTR scoores, we selected some item-recommendations pairs. To avoid selecting item-recommendation pairs that have very low views and clicks which is usually the type of combination that results in high CTR scores, we first sort our data according to views, and according to clicks. Using  cutt off values, we repeat the intersection until we find the items that have both the highest view and the hight clicks. Using this approach we selected 12 item-recommendation pairs and out of them we selected the 5 pairs that have the highest score. These pairs are presented in Table \ref{}
 \begin{table}
 \caption{Items and their categories that triggered the highest clicks. }
   \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
 \hline
  138084944&berlin&4528&15&0.33\\
 138260114&berlin&364&67&18.41\\
 138276052&berlin&352&128&36.36\\
 138288428&berlin&295&21&7.12\\
 138331188&politik&516&25&4.84\\
 138353486&politik&314&15&4.78\\
 138657855&berlin&295&27&9.15\\
 139760872&politik&387&30&7.75\\
 140069310&berlin&307&55&17.92\\
 140069310&politik&552&37&6.7\\
 140290935&berlin&306&112&36.6\\
 140451940&berlin&435&35&8.05\\
  \hline
   \end{tabular}
   \label{top-base}
 \end{table}
 \begin{table}
 \caption{Items and their categories that triggered the lowest clicks. }
    \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
 \hline
 110758362&politik&30&0&0\\
 113192171&politik&18&0&0\\
 115276998&politik&70&0&0\\
 118343158&politik&15&0&0\\
 121749581&politik&34&0&0\\
 45287388&politik&16&0&0\\
 45322502&politik&16&0&0\\
 62615560&politik&22&0&0\\
 63451502&politik&17&0&0\\
 68227587&politik&21&0&0\\
 88961035&politik&18&0&0\\
 95418946&politik&18&0&0\\
 96260589&politik&44&0&0\\
  \hline
   \end{tabular}
   \label{bot-base}
 \end{table}
 \begin{table}
 \caption{Items Recommendations and their categories that triggered the highest clicks. }
   \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
 \hline
 base&reco&view.x&click.x&base\_cat.x&reco\_cat.x&ctr.x\\
 138614685&138507870&70&23&berlin&berlin&32.86\\
 138614685&138657855&69&22&politik&berlin&31.88\\
 138622180&138657855&86&19&politik&berlin&22.09\\
 138657855&138507870&84&6&berlin&politik&7.14\\
 139322452&139370303&62&53&politik&weltspiegel&85.48\\
 139385769&139370303&89&14&politik&berlin&15.73\\
 139881545&139883694&80&28&politik&medien&35\\
 140032342&140069310&91&6&politik&berlin&6.59\\
 140141990&140069310&91&7&politik&weltspiegel&7.69\\
 140290935&140451940&144&43&medien&politik&29.86\\
 140410389&140451940&88&8&medien&berlin&9.09\\
 140454828&140451940&69&9&medien&kultur&13.04\\
 140462049&140451940&126&11&medien&medien&8.73\\
  \hline
   \end{tabular}
   \label{top-base-reco}
 \end{table}
 \begin{table}
 \caption{Items recommendations and their categories that triggered the lowest clicks. }
    \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}
 \hline
 base&reco&view.x&click.x&base\_cat.x&reco\_cat.x&ctr.x\\
 107201359&138507870&9&0&berlin&berlin&0\\
 45276650&140069310&5&0&politik&berlin&0\\
 62615560&139622331&9&0&politik&kultur&0\\
 62615560&139648400&8&0&kultur&kultur&0\\
 62615560&139667911&5&0&berlin&kultur&0\\
 63103846&139648400&8&0&kultur&kultur&0\\
 63104505&139648400&5&0&kultur&kultur&0\\
 65982081&140451940&10&0&medien&politik&0\\
 89607701&140069310&6&0&politik&sport&0\\
 96260589&138288428&6&0&berlin&kultur&0\\
  \hline
   \end{tabular}
   \label{bot-base_reco}
 \end{table}
 \section{discussion and conclusion}
 An idea, maybe show the variance of the categories in terms of their CTR?
 \bibliographystyle{abbrv}
 \bibliography{ref}
 \end{document}

ref.bib

➞

Show inline comments

@@ new file 100644 @@
 @inproceedings{said2013month,
   title={A month in the life of a production news recommender system},
   author={Said, Alan and Lin, Jimmy and Bellog{\'\i}n, Alejandro and de Vries, Arjen},
   booktitle={Proceedings of the 2013 workshop on Living labs for information retrieval evaluation},
   pages={7--10},
   year={2013},
   organization={ACM}
+}
 @inproceedings{esiyok2014users,
   title={Users' reading habits in online news portals},
   author={Esiyok, Cagdas and Kille, Benjamin and Jain, Brijnesh-Johannes and Hopfgartner, Frank and Albayrak, Sahin},
   booktitle={Proceedings of the 5th Information Interaction in Context Symposium},
   pages={263--266},
   year={2014},
   organization={ACM}
+}
 @inproceedings{nguyen2014exploring,
   title={Exploring the filter bubble: the effect of using recommender systems on content diversity},
   author={Nguyen, Tien T and Hui, Pik-Mai and Harper, F Maxwell and Terveen, Loren and Konstan, Joseph A},
   booktitle={Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on World wide web},
   pages={677--686},
   year={2014},
   organization={ACM}
+}

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